Nokea
What term is used to describe the emission of particles from an unstable nucleus?
- A. Radioactivity
- B. Radiation
- C. Decay
- D. Fusion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Radioactivity is the term used to describe the emission of particles from an unstable nucleus. When a nucleus is unstable, it undergoes radioactive decay by emitting particles such as alpha or beta particles. This process releases energy and transforms the unstable nucleus into a more stable configuration. Choice B, 'Radiation,' is a broad term that encompasses various forms of energy emitted from a source; it is not specific to the emission from an unstable nucleus. Choice C, 'Decay,' is closely related but doesn't specifically indicate the emission of particles from an unstable nucleus. Choice D, 'Fusion,' refers to the process of combining nuclei to form a heavier nucleus, not the emission of particles from an unstable nucleus.
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What type of reactions take place in the nucleus to achieve stable nuclear configurations?
- A. Chemical
- B. Nuclear
- C. Physical
- D. Mechanical
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nuclear reactions occur within the nucleus to achieve stable nuclear configurations. These reactions involve changes in the composition of atomic nuclei, leading to the formation of more stable elements. Chemical reactions occur in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus, while physical and mechanical processes do not directly impact the stability of nuclear configurations. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Nuclear.'
What creates a dipole in a covalent bond?
- A. Unequal sharing of electrons
- B. Equal sharing of electrons
- C. Exchange of electrons
- D. Transfer of electrons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A dipole is created in a covalent bond when there is an unequal sharing of electrons between the atoms involved. This results in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other, leading to a separation of charges and the formation of a dipole. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a dipole is specifically formed due to unequal sharing of electrons, not equal sharing, exchange, or transfer of electrons in a covalent bond.
What defines a balanced chemical equation?
- A. An equation where the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides
- B. An equation where there are more products than reactants
- C. An equation where the number of molecules is balanced
- D. An equation with equal masses on both sides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A balanced chemical equation is one in which the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides. This balance ensures the law of conservation of mass is upheld, where the total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products. Options B, C, and D are incorrect. Option B is incorrect as a balanced equation has an equal number of products and reactants. Option C is incorrect as balancing refers to the number of atoms, not molecules. Option D is incorrect as balancing is based on the number of atoms, not masses. Therefore, option A is the correct choice as it accurately describes a balanced chemical equation.
Which type of chemical reaction involves two ionic compounds where the reactants yield 'switched partners'?
- A. Single replacement
- B. Double replacement
- C. Synthesis
- D. Decomposition
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Double replacement.' In a double replacement reaction, two ionic compounds react by exchanging ions, resulting in the formation of two new compounds where the positive and negative ions have 'switched partners.' This type of reaction is characterized by the exchange of ions between the reactants. Choice A, 'Single replacement,' involves an element replacing another in a compound, not the exchange of partners like in the given scenario. Choice C, 'Synthesis,' is the combination of two or more substances to form a more complex product, not involving the exchange of partners. Choice D, 'Decomposition,' is the breakdown of a compound into simpler substances, which is different from the scenario described in the question.
What is matter that has a definite shape and volume?
- A. Liquid
- B. Solid
- C. Gas
- D. Plasma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Matter that has a definite shape and volume is referred to as a solid. Solids maintain their shape and volume under normal conditions, unlike liquids that have a definite volume but take the shape of their container, gases that have neither a definite shape nor volume, and plasma which is a state of matter with no definite shape or volume and consists of charged particles.