Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Practice Exam related questions and content

What term refers to the degree of myocardial fiber stretch before contraction, related to the volume of blood distending the ventricles at the end of diastole, and determined by the amount of venous return?

  • A. Preload
  • B. Afterload
  • C. Contractility
  • D. Ejection fraction
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale:
1. Preload refers to myocardial fiber stretch before contraction.
2. It is related to the volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole.
3. Preload is determined by the amount of venous return to the heart.
4. It influences the force of contraction and stroke volume.
5. Afterload (B) is the resistance the heart must overcome to pump blood.
6. Contractility (C) is the intrinsic strength of the heart muscle.
7. Ejection fraction (D) is the percentage of blood ejected from ventricles.

Summary:
- Preload is correct as it specifically relates to fiber stretch and volume of blood.
- Afterload, contractility, and ejection fraction do not directly relate to ventricular volume and venous return.

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The client is on spironolactone (Aldactone) and has a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Hold the spironolactone and notify the healthcare provider.
  • B. Administer potassium supplements.
  • C. Continue the spironolactone as ordered.
  • D. Increase the dose of spironolactone.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the spironolactone and notify the healthcare provider. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia. With a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L, the client is at risk for serious complications like cardiac arrhythmias. The priority action is to stop the medication to prevent further elevation of potassium levels and inform the healthcare provider for further management. Administering potassium supplements (B) would worsen the hyperkalemia. Continuing spironolactone (C) or increasing the dose (D) would be inappropriate and potentially harmful in this situation.

Pneumothorax symptoms.

  • A. Chest pain
  • B. Shortness of breath
  • C. Both A and B
  • D. None of the above
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Symptoms include sharp chest pain and difficulty breathing.

The client is receiving digoxin and complains of nausea. What is the nurse's priority action?

  • A. Check the client's digoxin level.
  • B. Continue the current dose of digoxin.
  • C. Administer an antiemetic for nausea.
  • D. Discontinue the digoxin immediately.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the client's digoxin level. The priority action is to assess the digoxin level to determine if it is within the therapeutic range, as nausea can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. Checking the level will guide further actions. Continuing the dose without assessment (B) may worsen toxicity. Administering an antiemetic (C) only addresses the symptom, not the underlying cause. Discontinuing digoxin immediately (D) without assessing the level can be harmful if the client actually needs the medication.

What is a procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space to help a patient breathe easier?

  • A. Thoracentesis
  • B. Bronchoscopy
  • C. Chest X-ray
  • D. CT scan
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thoracentesis is the correct answer because it is a procedure used to remove fluid or air from the pleural space, which can help a patient breathe easier. The steps involved in thoracentesis include identifying the location for insertion, numbing the area with local anesthesia, inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space, draining the fluid or air, and monitoring the patient for any complications.

Summary:
- B: Bronchoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the airways and diagnose lung conditions, not to remove fluid or air from the pleural space.
- C: Chest X-ray is an imaging test used to visualize the chest area and diagnose various conditions, but it does not involve removing fluid or air from the pleural space.
- D: CT scan is an imaging test that provides detailed images of the internal structures of the body, but it is not a procedure for removing fluid or air from the pleural space.

Which of the following is a chronic lung disease that results in the gradual destruction of the alveoli, causing difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen exchange?

  • A. Emphysema
  • B. Bronchitis
  • C. Pulmonary hypertension
  • D. Sarcoidosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Emphysema. Emphysema is characterized by the gradual destruction of the alveoli in the lungs, leading to difficulty breathing and reduced oxygen exchange. This destruction impairs the lung's ability to expand and contract properly, causing shortness of breath. Bronchitis (B) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not alveoli destruction. Pulmonary hypertension (C) is high blood pressure in the lungs, not alveoli destruction. Sarcoidosis (D) is an autoimmune disease causing inflammation in different organs, not specifically targeting the alveoli.

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