Nokea
What test is used to screen for carbohydrate malabsorption?
- A. Stool pH
- B. Urine ketones
- C. C urea breath test
- D. ELISA stool assay
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stool pH below 5.0 indicates carbohydrate malabsorption due to bacterial fermentation producing short-chain fatty acids. Urine ketones detect ketosis, not malabsorption; C urea breath test identifies Helicobacter pylori; and ELISA detects antigens or antibodies, not metabolic disorders.
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What information should the nurse include when teaching an adolescent with Crohn disease (CD)?
- A. How to cope with stress and adjust to chronic illness
- B. Preparation for surgical treatment and cure of CD
- C. Nutritional guidance and prevention of constipation
- D. Prevention of spread of illness to others and principles of high-fiber diet
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Teaching stress management and coping with chronic illness helps adolescents manage Crohn disease?s variable course and complications. There?s no cure, constipation isn?t typical, CD isn?t infectious, and a low-fiber diet is recommended.
After surgery yesterday for gastroesophageal reflux, the nurse finds that the infant has somehow removed the nasogastric (NG) tube. What nursing action is most appropriate to perform at this time?
- A. Notify the practitioner.
- B. Insert the NG tube so feedings can be given.
- C. Replace the NG tube to maintain gastric decompression.
- D. Leave the NG tube out because it has probably been in long enough.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Notifying the practitioner is critical, as replacing an NG tube after upper GI surgery risks injury to the surgical site and requires surgical team evaluation. Inserting or replacing the tube independently or assuming it?s no longer needed bypasses necessary medical oversight.
What statement is most descriptive of Meckel diverticulum?
- A. It is acquired during childhood.
- B. Intestinal bleeding may be mild or profuse.
- C. It occurs more frequently in females than in males.
- D. Medical interventions are usually sufficient to treat the problem.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meckel diverticulum often presents with mild to profuse intestinal bleeding due to its congenital nature. It?s present at birth, not acquired, is more common in males, and typically requires surgical removal, not just medical management.
The mother of a child with cognitive impairment calls the nurse because her son has been gagging and drooling all morning. The nurse suspects foreign body ingestion. What physiologic occurrence is most likely responsible for the presenting signs?
- A. Gastrointestinal perforation may have occurred.
- B. The object may have been aspirated.
- C. The object may be lodged in the esophagus.
- D. The object may be embedded in stomach wall.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Esophageal obstruction from a foreign body causes gagging and drooling due to inability to swallow saliva. GI perforation causes pain and bleeding, aspiration leads to respiratory symptoms, and stomach embedding doesn?t typically cause gagging or drooling.
What procedure is most appropriate for assessment of an abdominal circumference related to a bowel obstruction?
- A. Measuring the abdomen after feedings
- B. Marking the point of measurement with a pen
- C. Measuring the circumference at the symphysis pubis
- D. Using a new tape measure with each assessment to ensure accuracy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Marking the measurement point with a pen ensures consistent abdominal circumference assessment at the same location, typically the umbilicus. Measuring after feedings is inappropriate with NPO status, the symphysis pubis is too low, and a new tape measure is unnecessary.