Nokea
What test measures the pressure in the arteries during the contraction and relaxation of the heart?
- A. Blood pressure test
- B. Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)
- C. Spirometry
- D. Pulse oximetry
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Blood pressure test. This test measures the pressure in the arteries during the heart's contraction (systolic pressure) and relaxation (diastolic pressure). It provides important information about heart health and overall cardiovascular function. The other choices are incorrect because B (ECG) measures the heart's electrical activity, C (Spirometry) measures lung function, and D (Pulse oximetry) measures oxygen saturation in the blood, not arterial pressure.
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The nurse is giving a client an IV bolus of heparin. What is the most important nursing action?
- A. Monitor the client's heart rate.
- B. Check the client's blood pressure.
- C. Check for signs of bleeding.
- D. Monitor the client's respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the client's heart rate. When administering an IV bolus of heparin, it is crucial to monitor the client's heart rate because heparin can cause serious side effects such as bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which can lead to changes in heart rate. Checking blood pressure (B) is also important but not as critical as monitoring heart rate. Checking for signs of bleeding (C) is necessary but should be done after monitoring the heart rate. Monitoring the client's respiratory rate (D) is not directly related to heparin administration.
Which term refers to the contraction phase of the heart when blood is ejected from the chambers?
- A. Systole
- B. Diastole
- C. Contractility
- D. Afterload
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Systole. During systole, the heart muscle contracts to pump blood out of the chambers. This phase is essential for delivering oxygenated blood to the body. Diastole (B) is the relaxation phase when the heart fills with blood. Contractility (C) refers to the heart's ability to contract, not a specific phase. Afterload (D) is the pressure the heart must pump against to eject blood, not a phase of the cardiac cycle. Therefore, the term that specifically refers to the contraction phase of the heart is systole.
What is a condition where the blood pressure in the arteries is consistently too high, increasing the risk of heart disease and stroke?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Hypotension
- C. Diabetes
- D. Hyperlipidemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Hypertension is defined as consistently high blood pressure, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke.
2. Hypotension is low blood pressure, not associated with increased risk of heart disease or stroke.
3. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, not directly related to blood pressure.
4. Hyperlipidemia is high levels of fats in the blood, which can contribute to heart disease but not specifically related to high blood pressure.
Summary:
Hypertension is the correct answer because it specifically refers to high blood pressure, a significant risk factor for heart disease and stroke. Hypotension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia are incorrect as they do not directly cause consistently high blood pressure.
What is a procedure to remove fluid or air from the pleural space to help a patient breathe easier?
- A. Thoracentesis
- B. Bronchoscopy
- C. Chest X-ray
- D. CT scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thoracentesis is the correct answer because it is a procedure used to remove fluid or air from the pleural space, which can help a patient breathe easier. The steps involved in thoracentesis include identifying the location for insertion, numbing the area with local anesthesia, inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space, draining the fluid or air, and monitoring the patient for any complications.
Summary:
- B: Bronchoscopy is a procedure used to visualize the airways and diagnose lung conditions, not to remove fluid or air from the pleural space.
- C: Chest X-ray is an imaging test used to visualize the chest area and diagnose various conditions, but it does not involve removing fluid or air from the pleural space.
- D: CT scan is an imaging test that provides detailed images of the internal structures of the body, but it is not a procedure for removing fluid or air from the pleural space.
When teaching about methyldopa, it is important for the patient to know that it
- A. decreases cardiac output
- B. may produce mental confusion
- C. may produce drowsiness initially
- D. blocks the release of norepinephrine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Initial drowsiness is a common side effect of methyldopa.