Nokea
What type of cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common type?
- A. Ataxic
- B. Spastic
- C. Dyskinetic
- D. Mixed type
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Spastic CP, marked by initial hypotonia transitioning to hypertonicity, is the most common type. Ataxic, dyskinetic, and mixed types are less frequent, with spastic CP showing increased stretch reflexes and weakness.
You may also like to solve these questions
A child, age 3 years, has cerebral palsy (CP) and is hospitalized for orthopedic surgery. His mother says he has difficulty swallowing and cannot hold a utensil to feed himself. He is slightly underweight for his height. What is the most appropriate nursing action related to feeding this child?
- A. Bottle or tube feed him a specialized formula until he gains sufficient weight.
- B. Stabilize his jaw with caregivers hand (either from a front or side position) to facilitate swallowing.
- C. Place him in a well-supported, semireclining position.
- D. Place him in a sitting position with his neck hyperextended to make use of gravity flow.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Stabilizing the jaw from the front or side improves swallowing control in CP, addressing compromised jaw function. Bottle or tube feeding doesn?t address jaw issues, and semireclining or hyperextended positions increase aspiration risk.
Gingivitis is a common problem in children with cerebral palsy (CP). What preventive measure should be included in the plan of care?
- A. High-carbohydrate diet
- B. Meticulous dental hygiene
- C. Minimum use of fluoride
- D. Avoidance of medications that contribute to gingivitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Meticulous dental hygiene prevents gingivitis in CP, countering enamel defects, high-carbohydrate diets, and spasticity-related oral care challenges. Fluoride use is encouraged, and medications like phenytoin may require hygiene adjustments, not avoidance.
Spastic cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by which clinical manifestations?
- A. Athetosis, dystonic movements
- B. Tremors, lack of active movement
- C. Hypertonicity; poor control of posture, balance, and coordinated motion
- D. Wide-based gait; poor performance of rapid, repetitive movements
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Spastic CP features hypertonicity and poor posture, balance, and coordination control due to increased muscle tone and stretch reflexes. Athetosis and dystonia characterize dyskinetic CP, tremors suggest other disorders, and wide-based gait is typical of ataxic CP.
An adolescent with a spinal cord injury is admitted to a rehabilitation center. Her parents describe her as being angry, hostile, and uncooperative. The nurse should recognize that this is suggestive of which psychosocial state?
- A. Normal phase of adolescent development
- B. Severe depression that will require long-term counseling
- C. Normal response to her situation that can be redirected in a healthy way
- D. Denial response to her situation that makes rehabilitative efforts more difficult
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Anger, hostility, and uncooperativeness in a spinal cord injury adolescent reflect a normal response to disrupted independence, which can be redirected positively during rehabilitation. This isn?t typical adolescent behavior, severe depression, or denial, but an adaptive phase.
An 8-year-old child is hospitalized with infectious polyneuritis (Guillain-Barré syndrome [GBS]). When explaining this disease process to the parents, what should the nurse consider?
- A. Paralysis is progressive with little hope for recovery.
- B. Disease is inherited as an autosomal, sex-linked, recessive gene.
- C. Disease results from an apparently toxic reaction to certain medications.
- D. Muscle strength slowly returns, and most children recover.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: GBS involves progressive paralysis with recovery of muscle strength starting within 2-3 weeks, with most children regaining full strength, especially younger ones. It?s immune-mediated, not inherited or medication-induced, and has a good prognosis.