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What type of diet is recommended for the menopausal woman?
- A. Low-fat, high-fiber, and soy diet
- B. High-carbohydrate, low-fat diet
- C. Low-salt, high-fiber, low-protein diet
- D. Low-fat, low-carbohydrate, high-protein
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A low-fat, high-fiber, and soy diet (A) helps manage menopausal symptoms via phytoestrogens and heart health. Other options (B, C, D) lack soy’s specific benefits. Document: 'A low-fat, high-fiber, and soy diet… [is used for] managing menopausal symptoms.'
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Most common endocrine abnormality in patients with cystic fibrosis is:
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Diabetes mellitus
- C. Adrenal insufficiency
- D. Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes is the most common endocrine issue, from pancreatic damage, per CFF. A, C-E are less frequent.
The nurse prepares a child to receive oxygen via a tent delivery system by allowing the child to place a teddy bear in and out of the tent and then rewarding the child with a sticker. Which practice is the nurse using?
- A. Therapeutic play
- B. Therapeutic rewards
- C. Therapeutic interventions
- D. Therapeutic communication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Using a teddy bear to familiarize the child with the oxygen tent is therapeutic play, reducing fear through familiar objects.
A 5-year-old girl presents with hematuria and hypertension. Ultrasound shows a renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Wilms tumor
- C. Polycystic kidney disease
- D. Renal vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilms tumor presents with hematuria, hypertension, and a renal mass, per NCI. A, C-E have different features.
A nurse is caring for a child following surgical removal of a brain tumor. The nurse is monitoring the child and notes that the pulse rate has increased and the blood pressure has dropped significantly. Bloody drainage is also noted on the posterior dressing. The initial nursing action is to:
- A. Recheck the vital signs in 1 hour
- B. Place the child in Trendelenburg's position
- C. Document the findings
- D. Notify the registered nurse (RN)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Increased pulse, low BP, and bloody drainage suggest hemorrhage or ICP; notify RN (D) immediately. Waiting (A), Trendelenburg (B), or documenting only (C) delays care. Document: 'Most tumors create increased ICP… [requiring] immediate action.'
A child is diagnosed with hypoalbuminemia. Her total serum calcium level is normal. Most likely associated finding that may be missed is:
- A. Hypocalcemia
- B. Hypercalcuria
- C. Hypomagnesemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hypoalbuminemia lowers bound calcium; a normal total calcium suggests hypercalcemia in ionized form, often missed (UpToDate). A-C, E don’t fit.