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What type of force opposes the motion of an object moving through a fluid (liquid or gas)?
- A. Gravitational force
- B. Tension force
- C. Viscous force
- D. Magnetic force
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When an object moves through a fluid, it experiences resistance due to the viscosity of the fluid. This resistance is known as the viscous force, which opposes the motion of the object. Gravitational force is the force of attraction between two objects with mass, tension force is the force transmitted through a string, and magnetic force is the force exerted by magnets. In the context of an object moving through a fluid, the force opposing its motion is the viscous force because it resists the relative motion of the object through the fluid.
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Which of the following salt solutions is most likely to conduct electricity well?
- A. A saturated solution
- B. A concentrated solution of a strong electrolyte
- C. A dilute solution of a weak acid
- D. A mixture of a neutral compound and water
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A concentrated solution of a strong electrolyte is most likely to conduct electricity well. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions in solution, allowing for the flow of electric current. This high concentration of ions in the solution enhances its conductivity, making it a better conductor compared to other options. A saturated solution, although containing dissolved ions, may not have a high enough concentration to conduct electricity effectively. A dilute solution of a weak acid is a poor conductor as weak acids only partially dissociate into ions. A mixture of a neutral compound and water does not contain free ions necessary for conducting electricity.
A routine urinalysis is a common diagnostic test. What does a urinalysis typically evaluate?
- A. Blood sugar levels
- B. Presence of white blood cells (indicating possible infection)
- C. Kidney function
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A routine urinalysis evaluates multiple components of urine, including blood sugar levels, the presence of white blood cells indicating a possible infection, and kidney function. Blood sugar levels are assessed to monitor for conditions like diabetes. The presence of white blood cells is checked to detect possible urinary tract infections. Kidney function is evaluated by assessing markers like creatinine and protein levels. Therefore, all of the above options are typically evaluated in a urinalysis, making choice D the correct answer.
What is the term for the number of moles of solute per liter of solution?
- A. Molarity
- B. Molality
- C. Normality
- D. Concentration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Molarity is the correct term for the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed as moles of solute divided by liters of solution. Molality (B) is similar but is moles of solute per kilogram of solvent. Normality (C) is the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution, and Concentration (D) is a general term for the amount of solute present in a given quantity of solution. Therefore, the correct answer is A, molarity, as it specifically refers to moles of solute per liter of solution.
What is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate called?
- A. Glycolysis
- B. Gluconeogenesis
- C. Krebs cycle
- D. Oxidative phosphorylation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration.
B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol, and is the opposite of glycolysis.
C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and is involved in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce ATP and other energy carriers.
D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced through the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.
Which lifestyle practice can weaken the immune system?
- A. Getting enough sleep
- B. Eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables
- C. Managing stress levels
- D. Frequent smoking
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frequent smoking can weaken the immune system by damaging immune cells and impairing their function. Smoking increases the risk of respiratory infections and other illnesses, negatively impacting immune health. Therefore, frequent smoking is a lifestyle practice that can weaken the immune system. Choices A, B, and C are all beneficial practices that support a healthy immune system. Getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, and managing stress levels are important for maintaining optimal immune function and overall well-being.