Nokea
What type of mastectomy removes the entire breast but leaves the chest wall intact?
- A. total simple mastectomy
- B. modified radical mastectomy
- C. skin-sparing mastectomy
- D. nipple-sparing mastectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A total simple mastectomy is a type of mastectomy that removes the entire breast, including the breast tissue, nipple, and areola, but it leaves the chest wall muscles intact. In this procedure, the lymph nodes under the arm (axillary lymph nodes) are not typically removed. The total simple mastectomy is usually performed when the breast cancer is small and localized, and there is no evidence of spread to the surrounding lymph nodes or chest wall. This surgery is considered less extensive than other types of mastectomies, such as modified radical mastectomy, skin-sparing mastectomy, or nipple-sparing mastectomy, which involve different levels of tissue removal.
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The nurse is interviewing a patient who is 6-weeks pregnant. The patient asks the nurse, “Why is elective abortion considered such an ethical issue?” Which response by the nurse is most appropriate? N R I G B.C M
- A. Abortion requires third-parUty cSonseNnt. T O
- B. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled that life begins at conception.
- C. Abortion law is unclear about a woman’s constitutional rights.
- D. There is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The most appropriate response by the nurse is that there is a conflict between the rights of the woman and the rights of the fetus when discussing elective abortion as an ethical issue. This response highlights the ethical dilemma involved in abortion, where one must consider the rights and autonomy of the pregnant woman as well as the potential rights of the fetus. Ethical debates often revolve around balancing these conflicting rights and interests, making elective abortion a complex and sensitive issue. It acknowledges the ethical implications of abortion without making definitive statements or legal references like the other options.
A couple asks the nurse about the procedure for surrogate parenting. Which correct responses should the nurse provide for this couple? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Donated embryos can be implanted into the surrogate mother.
- B. The surrogate mother needs to have carried one previous birth to term.
- C. You both need to be infertile to be eligible for surrogate parenting.
- D. Conception can take place outside the surrogate mother’s body and then implanted.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Donated embryos can be implanted into the surrogate mother: This is a common method in surrogate parenting where embryos from either the intended parents or donors are implanted into the surrogate mother's uterus.
Which condition would leuprolide acetate (Lupron) be prescribed for?
- A. Anovulatory cycles
- B. Uterine fibroids
- C. Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD)
- D. Luteal phase inadequacy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leuprolide acetate is used to treat endometriosis and uterine fibroids, not anovulatory cycles or PCOD.
A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving oxytocin to augment labor. The client has an intrauterine pressure catheter and an internal fetal scalp electrode for monitoring. Which of the following is an indication that the nurse should discontinue the infusion?
- A. Contraction frequency every 3 min
- B. Contraction duration of 100 seconds
- C. Fetal heart rate with moderate variability
- D. Fetal heart rate of 118/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Contractions lasting longer than 90 seconds (tachysystole) can lead to fetal distress by reducing uteroplacental blood flow. Oxytocin should be discontinued if contractions become excessive. Moderate variability and normal fetal heart rate do not indicate distress.
Which client should the nurse refer for further testing?
- A. Left breast slightly smaller than right breast
- B. Eversion (elevation) of both nipples
- C. Faintly visible bilateral symmetry of venous network
- D. Small dimple located in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A small dimple in the breast is a concerning sign and should be referred for further testing as it can indicate breast cancer.