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What type of tissue largely makes up the pharynx?
- A. Bone
- B. Muscle
- C. Nervous
- D. Cartilage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The pharynx is mostly composed of muscle tissue, which enables it to carry out functions like swallowing and breathing. Muscles in the pharynx contract to propel food into the esophagus during swallowing and aid in vocalization and respiration.
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When an organism with an unknown genotype is crossed with another organism displaying the recessive trait (aa), the Punnett square shown above illustrates the outcomes. What is the unknown genotype?
- A. a
- B. Aa
- C. AA
- D. aa
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the provided Punnett square, the recessive trait (aa) is displayed. This means the known organism must be homozygous recessive (aa). When crossed with the unknown genotype, which is represented by a capital letter (A), it results in a 50% chance of producing heterozygous offspring (Aa). As the recessive trait is expressed in the outcomes, the unknown genotype must carry the dominant allele (A) alongside the recessive allele (a), making it heterozygous (Aa). Therefore, the correct answer is B, Aa.
If a portion of a strand of DNA bases reads 5' AGCTAGCGT 3', what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?
- A. 3' AGCTAGCGT 5'
- B. 5' UCGAUCGCA 3'
- C. 3' TCGATCGCA 5'
- D. 5' TCGUTCGCU 3'
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: To determine the sequence of bases on the complementary DNA strand, you must apply the base pairing rules: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G). The given original sequence is 5' AGCTAGCGT 3'. Consequently, the complementary strand will read 3' TCGATCGCA 5'. Each base on one strand corresponds with its complementary base on the other strand, forming a sequence that complements the original one.
A patient goes to the doctor with a cold and sore throat and asks for antibiotics. The doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics because the illness is caused by which of the following pathogens?
- A. Protist
- B. Fungus
- C. Virus
- D. Bacteria
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Virus. Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections, such as colds and sore throats caused by viruses. They are only effective against bacterial infections. In this case, the doctor refuses to prescribe antibiotics because the patient's illness is viral, not bacterial. It is important to differentiate between viral and bacterial infections to ensure appropriate treatment and avoid unnecessary use of antibiotics, which can contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Which of the following triangular areas of the human body is described as the perineum?
- A. The area between the nipples on the chest and the belly button.
- B. The area on the back between the neck and the two shoulder blades.
- C. The area that contains the orifices of the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems.
- D. The area between the edges of the eyes and the chin.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The perineum is the specific triangular region in the pelvic area that houses the openings of the urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems. It is essential for supporting these vital bodily functions. The other options describe different anatomical areas that are not related to the perineum. Understanding the location and function of the perineum is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide accurate assessments and care to patients.
In experimental design, which group can be measured against the experimental group as a standard of comparison?
- A. Control
- B. Responding
- C. Manipulated
- D. Variable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The control group is a critical component in experimental design as it serves as a reference point for comparison with the experimental group. The control group does not receive the experimental treatment but is subjected to all other conditions. By comparing the outcomes of the experimental group with those of the control group, researchers can evaluate the impact and efficacy of the experimental treatment.