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What types of challenges impact the availability of a safe water supply?
- A. Pollution, aging infrastructure, climate change.
- B. Excessive rainfall, low temperatures.
- C. Unlimited freshwater sources, advanced filtration.
- D. High public investment, minimal regulation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Challenges include pollution, deteriorating infrastructure, and climate change affecting water resources.
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Is underreporting a problem for detecting outbreaks of notifiable diseases?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Underreporting can mask true outbreak sizes, hindering effective response.
Define in your own words the term 'operations research'.
- A. The use of mathematical models to optimize healthcare delivery.
- B. Research focused on surgical procedures.
- C. Studies conducted in hospital operating rooms.
- D. Analysis of clinical trial data.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Operations research involves applying mathematical and analytical methods to optimize complex systems, such as healthcare delivery.
MDG stands for:
- A. Medical Development Group
- B. Millennium Development Goals
- C. Master Development Goals
- D. Management development goal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MDGs refer to the Millennium Development Goals established by the United Nations.
Are you able to define the following?
- A. A survey assessing the health status of the population across multiple demographics.
- B. A registry documenting all cancer cases.
- C. A monthly report on infectious diseases.
- D. A compilation of hospital discharge data.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The National Health Survey evaluates various aspects of health and illness across different segments of the population.
List examples of metallic compounds that pose environmental hazards. What are some examples of health effects thought to be associated with arsenic, mercury, and lead?
- A. Arsenic: cancer; Mercury: neurotoxicity; Lead: developmental delays.
- B. Arsenic: improved digestion; Mercury: enhanced memory; Lead: stronger bones.
- C. Arsenic: weight loss; Mercury: better vision; Lead: faster reflexes.
- D. Arsenic: increased stamina; Mercury: clearer speech; Lead: heightened focus.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arsenic is carcinogenic, mercury causes neurotoxicity, and lead impairs cognitive development, particularly in children.