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One of the best ways to understand a group of people is to know what makes them laugh. Laughter encompasses the limits of the soul and serves social, psychological, and physiological functions. In humor, life is redefined and accepted. Irony and satire provide much keener insights into a group's collective psyche and values than do years of research. It has always been a great disappointment to Native Americans that the humorous side of their life has not been mentioned by experts on native American affairs. Rather, the image of the stern-faced redskin has been presented by the American Westerns.
What was the author's reason for writing?
- A. Inform readers about Native American history
- B. Entertain with stories of Native American humor
- C. Persuade people to take a broader view on Native Americans
- D. Criticize misconceptions about Native American culture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The author's reason for writing is to persuade people to take a broader view of Native Americans. The passage discusses how humor can provide insights into a group's collective psyche and values, highlighting the disappointment that Native Americans feel when their humorous side is overlooked in favor of stereotypical portrayals. By emphasizing the importance of understanding the humorous aspects of Native American life, the author aims to persuade readers to consider a more comprehensive perspective on Native American culture.
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The Water Cycle
Water is needed to sustain practically all life functions on planet Earth. A single drop of this compound is composed of an oxygen atom that shares its electrons with each of the two hydrogen atoms.
The cycle starts when precipitation, such as rain, snow, sleet, or hail, descends from the sky onto the ground. Water that is not absorbed immediately from the precipitation is known as runoff. The runoff flows across the land and collects in groundwater reservoirs, rivers, streams, and oceans.
Evaporation takes place when liquid water changes into water vapor, which is a gas. Water vapor returns to the air from surface water and plants.
Ultimately, condensation happens when this water vapor cools and changes back into droplets of liquid. In fact, the puffy, cotton clouds that we observe are formed by condensation. When the clouds become heavily laden with liquid droplets, precipitation ensues.
Which of the following words is an antonym for the word 'comprised'?
- A. Incorporate
- B. Encompass
- C. Exclude
- D. Embody
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term 'comprised' means to include or contain. An antonym would be a word that signifies the opposite of including or containing. The correct answer, 'Exclude,' means to leave out or omit, which is the opposite of comprising.
Food
Food and drink are necessary and desirable, but their
abuse can cause serious physical and metal problem.
Many physicians believe that overeating is one of the
country's main health problems, since it places a great
strain on the heart, can lead to diabetes, and often shortens
the individual's life span. To fill an emotional void. People
often turn to food when they are bored or lonely.
Another area of concern is alcohol consumption. The
results of alcohol abuse are widely publicized. The social
drinker who becomes alcoholic, the drunken driver's
contribution to highway death, spousal and child abuse,
are all concomitant problems associated with alcohol
abuse.
As used in the last sentence of this paragraph, the term 'concomitant' most nearly means:
- A. Accompanying
- B. Quiet
- C. Separate
- D. Unpredictable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context provided, 'concomitant' in the last sentence of the paragraph means 'accompanying' or 'associated with.' The sentence is discussing the various issues that arise in relation to alcohol abuse, such as becoming alcoholic, contributing to highway deaths, and spousal and child abuse. Therefore, the correct term to use here is 'accompanying,' making choice A the correct answer.
People of Hispanic origin were on the North American continent centuries before settlers arrived
from Europe in the early 1600s and the thirteen colonies joined together to form the United
States in the late 1700s. The first census of the new nation was conducted in 1790, and counted about four million people, most of whom were white. Of the white citizens, more than 80%
traced their ancestry back to England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and about 60,000 "free Negroes". Only a few Native American Indians who paid taxes were included in the census count, but the total Native American population was probably about one million. By 1815, the population of the United States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, the
country took in about 35 million immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, there were more
than 30,000 Japanese immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of the new immigrants were
from central, eastern, and southern Europe. An enormous amount of racial and ethnic assimilation has taken place in the United States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the term "melting pot" to describe the concept of a place where many races melted in a crucible and re-formed to populate a new land. Some years during the first two decades of the 20th century, there were as many as one million new
immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the total population of the United States.
In 1921, however, the country began to limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of 1924
virtually closed the door. The total number of immigrants admitted per year dropped from as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota system was established that specified the number of
immigrants that could come from each country. It heavily favored immigrants from northern and western Europe and severely limited everyone else. This system remained in effect until 1965, although after World War II, several exceptions were made to the quota system to allow in
groups of refugees
According to the passage, which ancestry predominated at the time of the first census?
- A. Native Americans
- B. Negroes
- C. English
- D. Hispanic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: At the time of the first census in 1790, the passage states that more than 80% of the white citizens traced their ancestry back to England. This indicates that English ancestry predominated at that time. The passage also mentions the presence of Native Americans, Negroes, and immigrants from various other regions, but in terms of predominant ancestry, it was the English.
Lightning Strikes: The old wives' tale of "Lightning never strikes twice" has been proven untrue time and time again. Lightning forms from negative and positive charges within clouds and from the earth below. When these charges react with each other, the air between the cloud and the earth ionizes, which produces a lightning flash. Lightning is actually a series of multiple events consisting of a leader stroke of lightning, followed by as many as 40 smaller strokes of lightning. Being just split seconds apart, these strokes of lightning often reflect off the lining of the clouds.
Lightning rods that extend from above the roof to the ground protect buildings by forming a low resistance path for the lightning so that the lightning does not enter the building, but rather defuses as it penetrates the ground.
Some myths about lightning need to be explained. Lightning does strike tall buildings often, and during a particularly violent storm, a tall building may be hit by lightning several times. The safest place during a thunder and lightning storm is in a metal car or lying flat, face down, in the open, not under a tree as the myth suggests.
Many people believe that thunder and lightning are connected; however, this proves to be true only about 50% of the time, so if you're waiting for the clap of thunder, you're missing out on some exciting strokes of lightning!
Lightning causes injuries, deaths, and forest fires each year. However, some scientists reveal the positive aspects of lightning because it releases nitrogen into the atmosphere which the raindrops then deliver to earth to fertilize our soil.
In paragraph two, the word penetrates means
- A. To be absorbed by the mind.
- B. To pierce.
- C. Having or showing great insight.
- D. To discover or understand.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: To pierce. The word "penetrates" in the context of the passage refers to lightning making its way through the ground as it strikes. Lightning rods provide a low-resistance path for the lightning to follow, allowing it to pierce through the ground safely. Choices A, C, and D do not accurately reflect the meaning of the word "penetrates" in this context. Choice A, "To be absorbed by the mind," does not relate to the physical action of lightning entering the ground. Choice C, "Having or showing great insight," and choice D, "To discover or understand," do not align with the action of lightning piercing through the ground. Therefore, choice B is the correct answer as it directly corresponds to the physical action described in the passage.
Exams
Subjective exams measure your ability in several areas. Besides recall information, you must be able to organize content logically and intelligently express yourself in a clearly understood manner. Subjective tests provide a greater opportunity for students to show their broad knowledge of a subject area. Answers may be in the form of paragraphs or lengthy essays.
When you review for an essay exam, concentrate on main ideas rather than details. Since essay tests are limited to a few questions, they are likely to deal with more important ideas of a subject. Prepare a list of questions that you think might be asked. Write an answer to each of your questions. Rather than writing complete sentences, jot down your thoughts in outline form. Doing so will help you organize the information so that you can express yourself clearly.
When you take the test, read through all the questions before you start to write. Allot time for each question, allowing more time for questions worth the most points. Read each question carefully to determine exactly what is being asked. Pay attention to words such as define, illustrate, explain, list, compare, and contrast. Each word requires a different type of response.
From the article, the reader can conclude that a test containing true-false questions is called?
- A. subjective.
- B. rejective.
- C. dejective.
- D. objective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'objective.' Objective tests, such as those containing true-false questions, multiple-choice questions, and other formats with clear answers, are designed to measure specific knowledge objectively. This type of test contrasts with subjective tests that allow for more personal expression and analysis. In the context of the article, the term 'objective' refers to tests with definitive answers that do not involve personal interpretation or opinion.