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What would be the most complete statement by the students about the concept of steady state?
- A. The concept of steady state preserves life.
- B. The mechanisms of steady state work to maintain balance in the body.
- C. This concept compensates for biologic and environmental attacks on the body.
- D. Steady state is the same as adaptation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mechanisms for adjusting internal conditions promote the normal steady state of the organism and its survival. These mechanisms are compensatory in nature and work to restore balance in the body. Adaptation is a part of the concept of steady state; it is not the concept itself.
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What is the best outcome you can expect for this patient?
- A. Patient will adopt coping mechanisms to reduce stress.
- B. Patient will be stress free for the duration of treatment.
- C. Patient will avoid all stressful situations.
- D. Patient will be treated with an antianxiety agent.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Stress management is directed toward reducing and controlling stress and improving coping. The outcome for this diagnosis is that the patient needs to adopt coping mechanisms that are effective for dealing with stress, such as relaxation techniques. The other options are incorrect because it is unrealistic to expect a patient to be stress free; avoiding stressful situations and starting an antianxiety agent are not the best answers as outcomes for ineffective coping.
What principle of stress and adaptation should be integrated into the nurses plan of care for this patient?
- A. Adaptation often fails during stressful events and results in homeostasis.
- B. Stress is a part of all lives, and, eventually, this young woman will adapt.
- C. Acute anxiety and depression can be adaptations that alleviate stress in some individuals.
- D. An accumulation of stressors can disrupt homeostasis and result in disease.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Four conceptsâ??constancy, homeostasis, stress, and adaptationâ??are key to the understanding of steady state. Homeostasis is maintained through emotional, neurologic, and hormonal measures; stressors create pressure for adaptation. Sometimes too many stressors disrupt homeostasis, and, if adaptation fails, the result is disease. If a person is overwhelmed by stress, he or she may never adapt. Acute anxiety and depression are frequently associated with stress.
To what type of stressor has this patient been exposed?
- A. Physiologic
- B. Psychosocial
- C. Physical
- D. Psychiatric
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Physical stressors include cold, heat, and chemical agents; physiologic stressors include pain and fatigue. A chemical spill is neither a psychiatric nor a psychosocial phenomenon.
When do compensatory mechanisms occur in the human body?
- A. According to a diurnal cycle
- B. When needed
- C. Continuously
- D. Sporadically
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The concept of the cell as existing on a continuum of function and structure includes the relationship of the cell to compensatory mechanisms, which occur continuously in the body to maintain the steady state.
What would be your best response?
- A. This is a local inflammatory response to the insect bite; it is not an infection so antibiotics will not help.
- B. In children who are previously healthy, inflammation and infections usually resolve without the need for drugs.
- C. Ill make sure the doctor is made aware that youd like your son to have a course of antibiotics.
- D. Infection is not the same as inflammation. What your son has is inflammation.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regardless of the cause, a general sequence of events occurs in the local inflammatory response. This sequence involves changes in the microcirculation, including vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and leukocytic cellular infiltration. As these changes take place, five cardinal signs of inflammation are produced: redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. Infections do not always resolve spontaneously. The nurse should teach the patients father about the reasons that antibiotics are unnecessary rather than simply deferring to the physician.