Nokea
When a child has chronic renal failure, the progressive deterioration produces a variety of clinical and biochemical disturbances that eventually are manifested in the clinical syndrome known as:
- A. uremia.
- B. oliguria.
- C. proteinuria.
- D. pyelonephritis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic renal failure leads to the build-up of waste products and toxins in the blood, known as uremia. This condition results from the kidneys' inability to effectively filter waste from the blood and maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance. As renal function declines, uremia can lead to a variety of clinical manifestations such as fatigue, nausea, itching, and electrolyte imbalances, ultimately resulting in the clinical syndrome known as uremia. Oliguria refers to reduced urine output, proteinuria is the presence of excessive protein in the urine, and pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection of the kidneys - these conditions may be present in chronic renal failure but are not the defining clinical syndrome.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which should the nurse anticipate in the newborn whose mother used cocaine during pregnancy?
- A. Seizures
- B. Hyperglycemia
- C. Cardiac and respiratory problems
- D. Neurobehavioral depression or excitability
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a newborn's mother uses cocaine during pregnancy, the baby may experience cardiac and respiratory problems. Cocaine can negatively impact the development of the baby's cardiovascular system, potentially leading to issues such as abnormal heart rhythms, increased blood pressure, and even heart attacks in severe cases. Additionally, cocaine can also affect the respiratory system, putting the newborn at risk of breathing difficulties or even respiratory distress. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to anticipate these potential complications and provide appropriate monitoring and care to address any cardiac and respiratory issues that may arise in a newborn exposed to cocaine in utero.
A woman delivers a 3,250 g neonate at 42 weeks' gestation. Which physical finding is expected during an examination if this neonate?
- A. Abundant lanugo
- B. Absence of sole creases
- C. Breast bud of 1-2 mm in diameter
- D. Leathery, cracked, and wrinkled skin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A neonate born at 42 weeks' gestation, also known as post-term, is expected to have skin that appears leathery, cracked, and wrinkled due to prolonged exposure to the amniotic fluid in utero. This is a common physical finding in post-term neonates due to the decreased amount of vernix caseosa and amniotic fluid present on the skin at birth. Abundant lanugo (fine hair), absence of sole creases, and breast bud development are more commonly seen in preterm or term newborns, rather than post-term newborns.
Which of the following statements would be the nurse's response to a famiiy member asking questions about a client's transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
- A. "I think you should ask the doctor. Would you like me to cail him for you?"
- B. " The blood supply to the brain has decreased causing permanent brain damage."
- C. "It Is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain."
- D. "TIA means a transient ischemic attack."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct response would be: "It is a temporary interruption in the blood flow to the brain." This response provides a clear and accurate explanation of a transient ischemic attack (TIA), which is commonly known as a "mini-stroke." A TIA is indeed a temporary episode where there is a brief interruption in the blood flow to the brain, leading to symptoms similar to those of a stroke, but without lasting damage. This response would give the family member a better understanding of what a TIA is and help alleviate concerns about permanent brain damage.
When a patient participates in a research study, the pediatric nurse's primary concern is to ensure that the:
- A. parent or guardian has given verbal consent for the patient's participation.
- B. quality of care that the patient receives will not be affected if the patient chooses to withdraw from the study.
- C. research meets the developmental needs of the patient.
- D. research will directly benefit the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring that the quality of care remains unaffected regardless of the patient's participation status is paramount to ethical research practices.
A client is receiving the cell cycle-nonspecific alkylating agent thiotepa (thioplex), 60 mg weekly for 4 weeks by bladder instillation as part of a chemotherapeutic regimen to treat bladder cancer. The client asks the nurse how the drug works. How does thiotepa exert its therapeutic effects?
- A. It interferes with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication only.
- B. It interferes with ribonucleic acid (RNA) transcription only.
- C. It interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription.
- D. It destroys the cell membrane, causing lysis.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thiotepa is a cell cycle-nonspecific alkylating agent that exerts its therapeutic effects by interfering with both DNA replication and RNA transcription. The alkylating properties of thiotepa lead to the cross-linking of DNA strands, ultimately inhibiting DNA replication. Additionally, thiotepa can also disrupt RNA synthesis, further affecting protein production and cell function. This combined action on DNA replication and RNA transcription contributes to the cytotoxic effects of thiotepa on rapidly dividing cancer cells.