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When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, what will happen to the capacitance?
- A. Increase
- B. Decrease
- C. Remain the same
- D. Become unpredictable
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a dielectric material is inserted between the plates of a charged capacitor, the capacitance will increase. This is because the presence of a dielectric material reduces the electric field between the plates, allowing more charge to be stored for a given voltage, thus increasing the capacitance. Choice B is incorrect because adding a dielectric material increases capacitance. Choice C is incorrect because capacitance changes when a dielectric is added. Choice D is incorrect because the effect of a dielectric on capacitance is predictable.
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Household alternating current typically has a frequency of 60 Hz. Which statement is true?
- A. The circuit is suitable for lighting 60-watt bulbs.
- B. Circuits in the home may carry a current of 60 amperes.
- C. The expected voltage drop is 60 volts per meter.
- D. Electrons complete a cycle 60 times per second.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Electrons complete a cycle 60 times per second when the frequency of the current is 60 Hz. This frequency indicates that the current changes direction 60 times per second, causing the electrons to complete a full cycle back and forth through the circuit at the same rate. Choice A is incorrect because the power rating of a bulb (in watts) is not directly related to the frequency of the current. Choice B is incorrect as typical household circuits do not carry currents as high as 60 amperes. Choice C is incorrect as the expected voltage drop is not measured in volts per meter for household alternating current circuits.
Fluids can be categorized based on their shear stress-strain rate relationship. An ideal fluid exhibits:
- A. Zero shear stress at any strain rate
- B. Linear relationship between shear stress and strain rate (Newtonian)
- C. Non-linear relationship between shear stress and strain rate (Non-Newtonian)
- D. High dependence of viscosity on temperature
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An ideal fluid, often referred to as an inviscid fluid, is a theoretical concept used in fluid mechanics to simplify calculations. It is characterized by having zero shear stress at any strain rate. In reality, such fluids do not exist, but they serve as a useful starting point for understanding fluid behavior in idealized situations. Choice B is incorrect because a linear relationship between shear stress and strain rate defines a Newtonian fluid, not an ideal fluid. Choice C is incorrect because a non-linear relationship between shear stress and strain rate characterizes Non-Newtonian fluids, not ideal fluids. Choice D is incorrect because the high dependence of viscosity on temperature is a characteristic seen in real fluids and does not define an ideal fluid.
Ocean waves build during a storm until there is a vertical distance from the high point to the low point of 6 meters and a horizontal distance of 9 meters between adjacent crests. The waves hit the shore every 5 seconds. What is the speed of the waves?
- A. 1.2 m/s
- B. 1.8 m/s
- C. 2.0 m/s
- D. 2.4 m/s
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: To find the speed of the waves, we use the formula: speed = wavelength / period. The wavelength is the horizontal distance between adjacent crests, which is 9 meters in this case. The period is the time it takes for one wave to pass a fixed point, given as 5 seconds. Therefore, speed = 9 meters / 5 seconds = 1.8 m/s. Choice A (1.2 m/s) is incorrect because it miscalculates the speed. Choice C (2.0 m/s) and Choice D (2.4 m/s) are incorrect as they do not correctly calculate the speed using the provided data.
Which property of a substance does not change with a change in temperature?
- A. Mass
- B. Volume
- C. Phase
- D. Solubility
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Mass is an intrinsic property of a substance that remains constant regardless of temperature changes. It is a measure of the amount of matter in an object, and this quantity does not vary with temperature or the environment in which the substance is located. The conservation of mass in chemistry dictates that mass is neither created nor destroyed, making it independent of temperature variations.\nVolume, on the other hand, changes with temperature due to thermal expansion or contraction. Phase can change with temperature, leading to transitions between solid, liquid, and gas states. Solubility is affected by temperature changes as it influences the ability of a substance to dissolve in a solvent.
What does Coulomb's law relate to?
- A. electrostatic interaction
- B. rigid body motion
- C. heat conduction
- D. universal gravitation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Coulomb's law is a fundamental principle in physics that deals with the electrostatic interaction between charged particles. It states that the force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. This law is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of electrically charged objects. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Coulomb's law specifically focuses on electrostatic interactions between charges, not rigid body motion, heat conduction, or universal gravitation.