HESI Quizlet Fundamentals

HESI Quizlet Fundamentals Related

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When a health care provider diagnoses metastatic cancer and recommends a gastrostomy for an older female client in stable condition, the son tells the nurse that his mother must not be told the reason for the surgery because she 'can't handle' the cancer diagnosis. Which legal principle is the court most likely to uphold regarding this client's right to informed consent?

  • A. The family cannot provide the consent required in this situation because the older adult is in a condition to make such decisions.
  • B. Because the client is mentally incompetent, the son does not have the right to waive informed consent for her.
  • C. The court will not allow the health care provider to make the decision to withhold informed consent under therapeutic privilege.
  • D. If informed consent is withheld from a client, health care providers could be found guilty of negligence.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the scenario described, it is crucial for health care providers to obtain informed consent from the client before proceeding with any medical intervention. If informed consent is withheld and the treatment is carried out without the client's agreement, health care providers could be found guilty of negligence, specifically assault and battery. This legal principle emphasizes the importance of respecting a client's autonomy and right to make decisions about their own healthcare. Despite the son's wishes to withhold information from his mother, the client must be informed of the proposed treatment and given the opportunity to consent or refuse based on complete information provided by the healthcare team.

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The nurse is attempting to pass an indwelling catheter in an adult male and is having difficulty. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse?

  • A. Remove the catheter and reinsert it with the client positioned differently.
  • B. Try a straight catheter instead.
  • C. Try a smaller catheter.
  • D. Discontinue the procedure and notify the physician.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

The nurse is preparing a client for surgery. What action is most important for the nurse to take?

  • A. Ensure that the client signs the consent form.
  • B. Review the client's allergies with the surgical team.
  • C. Confirm the client's identity using two identifiers.
  • D. Verify that the surgical site is marked.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Ensuring that the client signs the consent form (A) is the most crucial action before surgery. The consent form is legally and ethically necessary for the procedure to proceed. While reviewing allergies (B), confirming identity (C), and verifying the surgical site (D) are essential steps, obtaining the client's informed consent takes precedence to protect the client's rights and ensure a safe surgical experience.

The client with cholecystitis is being instructed on dietary choices. Which meal best meets the dietary needs of this client?

  • A. Steak, baked beans, and a salad
  • B. Broiled fish, green beans, and an apple
  • C. Pork chops, macaroni and cheese, and grapes
  • D. Avocado salad, milk, and angel food cake
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cholecystitis requires a low-fat diet to reduce stress on the gallbladder. The meal of broiled fish, green beans, and an apple aligns with this dietary recommendation by providing lean protein and low-fat, high-fiber foods that are easier for the body to digest, making it the most suitable choice for a client with cholecystitis.

A client with a diagnosis of anemia is receiving epoetin alfa (Epogen). Which laboratory test should the nurse monitor to evaluate the effectiveness of this medication?

  • A. White blood cell count.
  • B. Hemoglobin and hematocrit.
  • C. Platelet count.
  • D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: To evaluate the effectiveness of epoetin alfa (Epogen) in treating anemia, the nurse should monitor hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. These values indicate the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, which directly relates to the treatment of anemia. White blood cell count (A), platelet count (C), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (D) are not specific indicators of the effectiveness of epoetin alfa in treating anemia.

The nurse finds a client crying behind a locked bathroom door. The client will not open the door. Which action should the nurse implement first?

  • A. Instruct an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) to stay and keep talking to the client.
  • B. Sit quietly in the client's room until the client leaves the bathroom.
  • C. Allow the client to cry alone and leave the client in the bathroom.
  • D. Talk to the client and attempt to find out why the client is crying.
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When encountering a client in distress, the nurse's initial response should be to communicate with the client to assess the situation and provide support. By talking to the client and attempting to find out the reason for their distress, the nurse can offer appropriate assistance and ensure the client's well-being. This action prioritizes the client's emotional needs and helps establish a therapeutic relationship, which is essential in nursing care.

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