Nokea
When a neurologist asks a patient to smile, which cranial nerve is being tested?
- A. CN II
- B. CN X
- C. CN VII
- D. CN XI
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a neurologist asks a patient to smile, they are testing the function of the facial nerve, Cranial Nerve VII (CN VII). CN VII controls the muscles of facial expression, including the muscles required for smiling. If there is weakness or paralysis on one side of the face when the patient tries to smile, it may indicate a problem with CN VII function, such as Bell's palsy or a lesion affecting the facial nerve.
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Constellation of aniridia and hemihypertrophy is strongly associated with increased risk of which of the following tumors?
- A. rhabdomyosarcoma
- B. hepatoblastoma
- C. Wilms tumor
- D. medulloblastoma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aniridia and hemihypertrophy are features of WAGR syndrome, which increases the risk of Wilms tumor.
A nurse has determined that a newborn's respiratory breathing is within a normal range. How should the nurse document this finding?
- A. Irregular, abdominal, 30 to 60 breaths/min
- B. Regular, abdominal, 25 to 35 breaths/min
- C. Regular, noisy, 35 to 45 breaths/min
- D. Irregular, quiet, 45 to 55 breaths/min
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A newborn with normal respiratory breathing would typically exhibit regular breathing patterns, with abdominal movements indicating effective diaphragmatic breathing. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn is considered to be 25 to 35 breaths per minute. Therefore, documenting the newborn's respiratory breathing as "Regular, abdominal, 25 to 35 breaths/min" would accurately represent a normal finding.
The dietary practice that will help a client reduce the dietary intake of sodium is
- A. Increasing the use of dairy products
- B. Using an artificial sweetener in coffee
- C. Avoiding the use of carbonated beverages
- D. Using catsup for cooking and flavoring food
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The dietary practice that will help a client reduce the dietary intake of sodium is avoiding the use of carbonated beverages. Carbonated beverages, such as sodas, contain high amounts of sodium that can contribute to increased sodium intake. By avoiding carbonated beverages, the client can effectively reduce their overall sodium consumption. Increasing the use of dairy products, using artificial sweeteners in coffee, and using catsup for cooking and flavoring food do not specifically address the reduction of sodium intake in the same way that avoiding carbonated beverages does.
What does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend as the best form of newborn nutrition?
- A. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 2 months.
- B. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 6 months.
- C. Commercially prepared newborn formula for 1 year.
- D. Commercially prepared newborn formula until age 4 to 6 months.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of a baby's life. Breast milk provides all the necessary nutrients and antibodies that a baby needs for healthy growth and development during this crucial period. Breastfeeding also offers long-term health benefits for both the baby and the mother. It is important for mothers to receive support and education to establish and maintain successful breastfeeding. After the first 6 months, the AAP recommends continuing breastfeeding while introducing appropriate solid foods until at least 12 months of age, or longer if both the mother and baby are willing and able.
Regarding the physical growth of preschool children (3-5 yr), all are true EXCEPT
- A. 7-8 kg weight increment/yr
- B. 6-7 cm height increment/yr
- C. brain myelinization stops by 8 yr
- D. 20 primary teeth erupted by 3 yr
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight increment slows after infancy, making 7-8 kg/year incorrect.