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When a nurse from the surgical department is reassigned to the pediatric unit, the charge nurse should recognize that the child at highest risk for cardiac arrest and is the least likely to be assigned to this nurse is which child?
- A. Congenital cardiac defects
- B. An acute febrile illness
- C. Prolonged hypoxemia
- D. Severe multiple trauma
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Prolonged hypoxemia.' Prolonged hypoxemia is a critical condition that requires specialized pediatric care due to the high risk of cardiac arrest. The other choices, such as congenital cardiac defects, acute febrile illness, and severe multiple trauma, may also require attention, but prolonged hypoxemia poses the highest risk for cardiac arrest and demands specialized expertise in managing pediatric patients with this condition.
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When providing nursing care to a client receiving oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula, which of the following interventions would be appropriate?
- A. Ensure that adequate mist is supplied
- B. Inspect the nares and ears for skin breakdown
- C. Lubricate the tips of the cannula before insertion
- D. Maintain sterile technique when handling the cannula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to inspect the nares and ears for skin breakdown. This is important because the nasal cannula can cause skin breakdown due to prolonged use and friction. Ensuring that the skin is intact helps prevent complications. Choice A is incorrect as oxygen therapy via a nasal cannula does not involve mist. Choice C is incorrect as lubricating the tips of the cannula is not a standard practice and may lead to complications. Choice D is incorrect because while cleanliness is important, maintaining sterile technique is not necessary for handling a nasal cannula in this context.
A health program that aims to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases through lifestyle modifications is an example of:
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. Primary prevention focuses on preventing the development of diseases or injuries before they occur by promoting healthy behaviors and lifestyles. In this scenario, the health program targeting lifestyle modifications to reduce chronic diseases aligns with primary prevention efforts. Choice B, secondary prevention, involves early detection and treatment to prevent the progression of disease. Choice C, tertiary prevention, focuses on managing and treating existing diseases to prevent complications. Choice D, quaternary prevention, relates to actions taken to mitigate or avoid the consequences of unnecessary or excessive interventions in healthcare.
When the Public Health Nurse assesses needs and plans health interventions for a group of people in coordination with other health professionals, they are demonstrating which of the following features of community health nursing:
- A. CHN involves interdisciplinary collaboration
- B. The use of an epidemiologic approach is an essential part of nursing practice
- C. CHN is oriented towards populations
- D. CHN encourages the client's participation in determining their own health
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Interdisciplinary collaboration is a fundamental feature of community health nursing. In this scenario, the nurse works with other health professionals to assess needs and plan interventions for a group of people, emphasizing the importance of teamwork and cooperation. Choice B is incorrect because while epidemiology plays a role in community health nursing, it is not the primary focus of this particular situation. Choice C is incorrect as it describes the population-focused nature of community health nursing, which is related but not directly demonstrated in the given scenario. Choice D is incorrect because while client participation is essential in community health nursing, it is not the primary feature demonstrated in the scenario provided.
When a nurse teaches a community about the importance of regular health screenings, this activity falls under which level of prevention?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat disease early to prevent complications. Teaching about the importance of regular health screenings helps in early detection and intervention, which aligns with the goals of secondary prevention.
Choice A, Primary prevention, involves actions to prevent the onset of a health condition. Choice C, Tertiary prevention, focuses on managing and treating existing conditions to prevent further complications. Choice D, Quaternary prevention, relates to actions taken to mitigate or avoid unnecessary interventions, over-medicalization, and the consequences of unnecessary treatment.
A nurse is planning a nutrition class for a group of senior citizens at a community center and wants to emphasize the amount and types of fat in some foods versus others. What is the best teaching method for the nurse to use?
- A. Display posters with foods and inform seniors about fat content.
- B. Determine the foods most often eaten by this group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product.
- C. Show a movie about cooking with foods that are low in fat but delicious.
- D. Ask each senior to bring a food for others to taste, then estimate the fat content in these foods.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The best teaching method for the nurse in this scenario is to determine the foods most often eaten by the group and discuss the nutritional panel of each product. This approach directly educates the seniors about the fat content in the foods they commonly consume, making the information more relevant and applicable to their daily lives. Choice A, displaying posters with foods, may not engage the seniors effectively or provide detailed information about fat content. Choice C, showing a movie about cooking with low-fat foods, may not address the specific fat content of the seniors' usual food choices. Choice D, asking seniors to bring foods for tasting and estimating fat content, could be subjective and less educational compared to discussing concrete nutritional information from food labels.