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When a nurse manager shows fair treatment to his/her staff, there is:
- A. Unity of Direction
- B. Unity of Command
- C. Order
- D. Equity
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Equity. Fair treatment by a nurse manager fosters equity, ensuring that staff are treated justly and equally. Unity of Direction (A) refers to everyone working towards the same goals, Unity of Command (B) means employees have one direct supervisor, and Order (C) pertains to a systematic arrangement. However, in this context, the most crucial aspect is fairness and equality in treatment, making Equity (D) the correct choice.
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This refers to the integration of people into a work situation through motivation in terms of economic, psychological, and social satisfaction, etc.
- A. Theory Z
- B. Theory M
- C. Theory X
- D. Theory Y
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Theory Y. This theory, proposed by Douglas McGregor, emphasizes the positive view of employees, believing they are self-motivated, responsible, and seek challenges. McGregor contrasts this with Theory X, which assumes employees are lazy and need to be controlled. Theory Y aligns with the integration of people into work through motivation, as it focuses on employee empowerment and satisfaction. In contrast, Theory Z and Theory M are not directly related to this concept, making them incorrect choices.
Which approach by nursing education programs is likely to be most successful in creating a leadership mindset in students?
- A. Provide all of the leadership content in one course.
- B. Combine leadership and clinical content in the first course of the program.
- C. Integrate leadership content and learning experiences throughout the curricula.
- D. Teach two separate courses in the first-year curricula-one being leadership and the other being management.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because integrating leadership content throughout the curricula ensures continuous exposure and reinforcement of leadership principles. This approach allows students to apply leadership skills in various contexts, promoting a deeper understanding and long-term retention. Choice A limits exposure to leadership content, choice B may overload students with information early on, and choice D separates leadership and management, missing the opportunity to emphasize their interconnectedness. Overall, choice C is the most effective in fostering a leadership mindset by providing consistent and integrated learning experiences across the nursing education program.
Which one of the following is not aim of Nursing Practice?
- A. Promote Health
- B. Disease Process
- C. Prevent Illness
- D. Restore Health
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disease Process. Nursing practice aims to promote health, prevent illness, and restore health, but not specifically to focus on the disease process itself. Nurses focus on holistic care addressing physical, emotional, and social aspects of health. Disease processes are typically managed by healthcare providers such as physicians or specialists. Therefore, B is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as promoting health, preventing illness, and restoring health are key aims of nursing practice.
It is more and more apparent that nurses need to acquire leadership skills in a manner similar to how they learn:
- A. Clinical skills.
- B. Communication when they are young.
- C. Psychological relatedness.
- D. Empathy skills.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clinical skills. Nurses need leadership skills to effectively manage patient care, make critical decisions, and collaborate with healthcare team members. Developing leadership skills requires continuous learning and practice, similar to how nurses acquire and refine clinical skills through education, training, and hands-on experience. Leadership skills are essential for nurses to provide high-quality care, improve patient outcomes, and drive positive change within the healthcare system.
Summary:
- Choice B (Communication when they are young): Communication skills are important for nurses but not directly related to leadership development.
- Choice C (Psychological relatedness): While important for building relationships with patients, it is not directly linked to leadership skills.
- Choice D (Empathy skills): Empathy is crucial in nursing but does not encompass the full range of leadership skills needed for effective decision-making and team management.
Bryman (1992) splits leadership research into decades.
- A. 2
- B. 3
- C. 5
- D. 4
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C (5). Bryman (1992) splits leadership research into five decades, spanning from the 1930s to the 1980s. This is documented in his seminal work on leadership research trends. Choice A (2) is too short a time frame to cover the evolution of leadership research adequately. Choice B (3) is also insufficient to capture the breadth of research developments. Choice D (4) is closer but still does not account for the full scope of leadership research over time. The correct answer, C (5), aligns with Bryman's comprehensive categorization of leadership research across five decades.