Nokea
When a parent asks the nurse to describe what is meant by a 'learning disability,' the nurse's most helpful response would be:
- A. It is characterized by inattention, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity'
- B. A child may have difficulty with perception, language, comprehension, or memory'
- C. The child's intellectual ability limits his learning'
- D. The child has difficulty learning because of brain damage'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A learning disability (B) involves challenges in perception, language, or comprehension despite normal intelligence. A describes ADHD, C implies low IQ, and D suggests injury, not typical. Document: 'Children with learning disabilities may have… difficulties in perception, language, comprehension.'
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A child with leukemia is prone to
- A. Bleeding
- B. Infection
- C. Anemia
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All D result from leukemia, per document p57, 7.
A 4-year-old boy presents with fever, limp, and hip pain. Hip x-ray is normal, but ESR is elevated. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Septic arthritis
- B. Transient synovitis
- C. Osteomyelitis
- D. Slipped capital femoral epiphysis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transient synovitis is common in preschoolers with limp and fever, often post-viral, with normal x-ray, per AAP. A, C-E have different presentations or imaging.
A 3-month-old infant presents with tachypnea and poor feeding. Chest x-ray shows cardiomegaly and pulmonary edema. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Congestive heart failure
- C. Bronchiolitis
- D. Cystic fibrosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: CHF shows cardiomegaly and edema, per AHA. A, C-E differ.
A 6-month-old infant presents with wheezing and retractions. Chest x-ray shows hyperinflation. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Bronchiolitis
- C. Cystic fibrosis
- D. Asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bronchiolitis features wheezing and hyperinflation, per AAP. A, C-E differ.
A 5-year-old girl presents with hematuria and hypertension. Ultrasound shows a renal mass. Most likely diagnosis is:
- A. Nephrotic syndrome
- B. Wilms tumor
- C. Polycystic kidney disease
- D. Renal vein thrombosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Wilms tumor presents with hematuria, hypertension, and a renal mass, per NCI. A, C-E have different features.