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When a patient is experiencing a panic attack, how should the nurse best assist the patient?
- A. Assist with reality orientation.
- B. Aid in decision making.
- C. Assist with rational thought.
- D. Coach in deep breathing.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coaching in relaxation techniques such as deep breathing is an effective intervention for a patient who is experiencing a panic attack.
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The nurse recognizes that stress can cause an ulcer, which is classified as a symptom illness.
Correct Answer: Somatic
Rationale: Somatic symptom illness addresses the stress-related problems that can result in physical signs and symptoms. Psychophysiologic disorders are thought to have an emotional basis, manifested as a physical illness.
What is the term used for the beginning stage of schizophrenia, characterized by a lack of energy and complaints of multiple physical problems?
- A. Prepsychotic
- B. Residual
- C. Acute
- D. Prodromal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The prodromal phase is the beginning stage of schizophrenia. Hallucinations and delusions sometimes occur in the prepsychotic stage. In the acute phase, individuals often lose touch with reality. The residual phase follows the acute phase and the symptoms of that phase are similar to those of the prodromal stage.
The patient talks with his dead brother and arranges furniture so that his brother will have a place to sit. How should the nurse document this behavior?
- A. Disordered thinking
- B. Anhedonia
- C. Hallucination
- D. Alogia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A hallucination is a sensory experience without a stimulus trigger. Disordered thinking occurs when the individual is not able to interpret information being received in the brain. Anhedonia describes lack of expressed feelings. Alogia is reduced content of speech.
Dementia is an organic mental disease secondary to what problem?
- A. Chemical imbalance
- B. Emotional problems
- C. Circulatory impairment
- D. Cerebral disease
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Dementia describes an altered mental state secondary to cerebral disease.
The nurse is told that a patient believes he was born into the wrong body. What is the correct terminology for the desire to have the body of the opposite sex?
- A. Homosexuality
- B. Transsexualism
- C. Heterosexuality
- D. Bisexuality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transsexualism is a persistent desire to be the opposite sex and to have the body of the opposite sex.