HESI Care of Patients with Shock Practice Questions

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When a resident is lactose intolerant which of the following might be used as a substitute?

  • A. Fiber
  • B. Salt
  • C. Protein
  • D. Soy
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Soy. Soy can be used as a substitute for dairy products in individuals who are lactose intolerant. Soy milk, tofu, and other soy-based products are good sources of protein and can be easily digested by those with lactose intolerance. Soy is a suitable alternative as it does not contain lactose, unlike dairy products.

A: Fiber is not a suitable substitute for dairy products for someone who is lactose intolerant as it does not provide the necessary nutrients found in dairy.
B: Salt is not a substitute for dairy products and does not provide the essential nutrients needed in the diet.
C: Protein is a good nutrient to include in the diet, but solely relying on protein as a substitute for dairy may not be adequate for individuals who are lactose intolerant.

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What is the pathological process causing esophageal varices is

  • A. Ascites and edema.
  • B. Systemic hypertension.
  • C. Portal hypertension.
  • D. Dilated veins and varicesitis.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Esophageal varices results from increased portal hypertension. In portal hypertension, the liver cannot accept all of the fluid from the portal vein. The excess fluid will back flow to the vessels with lesser pressure, such as esophageal veins or rectal veins causing esophageal varices or hemorrhoids.

You suspect your adult trauma patient has a potential complete spinal cord transection. If so, which of the following would you expect to find?

  • A. Total loss of pain and sensation below the waist bilaterally with some loss of movement below the waist
  • B. Bradycardia associated with loss in vascular tone
  • C. Total absence of pain, sensation, and movement (paralysis) below the point of the transection (injury)
  • D. Right-sided paralysis with decreased sensation on the opposite side of the body
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because a complete spinal cord transection results in total absence of pain, sensation, and movement below the point of injury due to the interruption of all nerve pathways. This is known as complete paralysis. Choices A and D describe incomplete injuries, where some function is preserved. Choice B is incorrect as bradycardia and loss of vascular tone are associated with injuries at higher spinal cord levels, such as cervical injuries, not complete transections.

How does moisture affect warm and cold applications?

  • A. It strengthens their effects.
  • B. It reduces their effects.
  • C. It makes applications less likely to cause injury.
  • D. It allows applications to be applied for a longer time.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Moisture strengthens the effects of warm and cold applications by facilitating heat transfer. When moisture is present, it enhances the conduction of heat/cold to the body, intensifying the therapeutic effects. This increased heat/cold transfer helps in achieving the desired outcomes more efficiently.

Explanation of Incorrect Choices:
B: Moisture does not reduce the effects of warm and cold applications; it actually enhances them.
C: Moisture does not directly affect the likelihood of causing injury; proper application technique is key to prevent injury.
D: Moisture does not necessarily allow applications to be applied for a longer time; the duration of application should be based on individual needs and treatment goals.

For an effective non-directive counselling session, which one of the following will be most essential?

  • A. Training of the counsellor
  • B. Establishing a rapport with the client
  • C. Expertise in using tests
  • D. Conversational fluency
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Establishing a rapport with the client is essential in non-directive counselling, as it creates an atmosphere where the client can work out their problems.

What should a nursing assistant do if he spills a substance on his body?

  • A. Immediately wash the area using the proper cleaning agent
  • B. Ignore it unless it is painful or uncomfortable
  • C. Finish cleaning the area before washing the spill off his body
  • D. Find the nurse and ask her what to do
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because immediately washing the area using the proper cleaning agent is crucial to prevent any potential harm or irritation to the skin. Delaying the cleaning process can lead to further absorption of the substance or increased skin damage. Washing the area promptly helps to minimize the risk of adverse effects.

Summary of other choices:
B: Ignoring the spill can result in skin irritation, burns, or other complications.
C: Finishing cleaning the area first can prolong exposure to the substance, increasing the risk of harm.
D: Waiting to find the nurse can waste valuable time and potentially worsen the situation.