Pathophysiology Exam 1 Quizlet

Pathophysiology Exam 1 Quizlet Related

Review Pathophysiology Exam 1 Quizlet related questions and content

When a Tae Kwon Do (TKD) master applies downward pressure just above the elbow joint on an attacker who immediately collapses to the ground, which reflex is applicable to this example?

  • A. Golgi tendon reflex
  • B. Myotatic reflex
  • C. Withdrawal reflex
  • D. Crossed-extensor reflex
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Golgi tendon reflex is the correct answer. This reflex protects the muscle and tendons from excessive force by causing the muscle to relax. In this scenario, the downward pressure applied just above the elbow joint triggers the Golgi tendon reflex, resulting in the attacker's collapse. The other options are incorrect:
- The myotatic reflex (also known as the stretch reflex) is responsible for contracting a muscle in response to its stretch, not relaxing it.
- The withdrawal reflex is a spinal reflex that moves a body part away from a painful stimulus, not directly related to the scenario described.
- The crossed-extensor reflex is a reflex that occurs on the opposite side of the body in response to a withdrawal reflex, which is not the case in this situation.

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In menopausal women, what is the primary goal of estrogen therapy?

  • A. To relieve menopausal symptoms
  • B. To prevent osteoporosis
  • C. To increase calcium absorption
  • D. To maintain bone strength
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of estrogen therapy in menopausal women is to prevent osteoporosis by maintaining bone density. Estrogen helps in preserving bone mass and reducing the risk of fractures. While estrogen therapy may alleviate some menopausal symptoms, such as hot flashes, its primary focus is on bone health rather than symptom management. Increasing calcium absorption and maintaining bone strength are outcomes of preventing osteoporosis rather than the primary goal of estrogen therapy.

What is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women?

  • A. Lung cancer
  • B. Breast cancer
  • C. Colorectal cancer
  • D. Prostate cancer
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in both men and women globally. It is strongly associated with smoking and exposure to environmental toxins. Breast cancer (choice B) primarily affects women, while colorectal cancer (choice C) and prostate cancer (choice D) are more gender-specific. Colorectal cancer is more common in both men and women but not the leading cause of cancer-related deaths.

When administering an immunization, which of the following medications should be available?

  • A. Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
  • B. Hydroxyzine (Vistaril)
  • C. Physostigmine
  • D. Epinephrine
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When administering an immunization, it is essential to have epinephrine available in case of an allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis. Epinephrine is the medication of choice for treating severe allergic reactions due to its ability to reverse the symptoms rapidly. Diphenhydramine and hydroxyzine are antihistamines that can help manage mild allergic reactions but are not the primary medications for severe reactions like anaphylaxis. Physostigmine is not indicated for managing allergic reactions and is used for specific conditions such as anticholinergic toxicity.

An experiment is designed to determine specific cell types involved in cell-mediated immune response. The experimenter is interested in finding cells that attack cells that have specific antigens. Which cells should be isolated?

  • A. Lymphokine-producing cells
  • B. Cytotoxic T cells
  • C. Helper T cells
  • D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Cytotoxic T cells are the key players in cell-mediated immunity as they directly attack cells displaying specific antigens. Lymphokine-producing cells (Choice A) are involved in cytokine production, while Helper T cells (Choice C) assist in activating other immune cells. Macrophages (Choice D) are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest pathogens, but they are not the primary cells responsible for directly attacking cells with specific antigens in cell-mediated immunity.

A nurse is caring for a client with a newly inserted pacemaker. What is the most important nursing action post-procedure?

  • A. Monitor the insertion site for signs of infection.
  • B. Educate the client about activity restrictions.
  • C. Monitor the client's heart rate and rhythm.
  • D. Assess the client's lung sounds for signs of fluid overload.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Post-procedure, monitoring the insertion site for signs of infection is crucial because it helps in early detection of any potential complications such as infection. While educating the client about activity restrictions, monitoring the client's heart rate and rhythm, and assessing lung sounds for signs of fluid overload are important aspects of care, the immediate priority post-procedure is to prevent infection at the insertion site, which could lead to serious complications.

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