Pediatric HESI Test Bank

Pediatric HESI Test Bank Related

Review Pediatric HESI Test Bank related questions and content

When administering a blood transfusion to a client with multiple traumatic injuries, the nurse monitors closely for evidence of a transfusion reaction. Shortly after the transfusion begins, the client complains of chest pain, nausea and itching. When urticarial, tachycardia, and hypotension develop, the nurse stops the transfusion and notifies the physician. The nurse suspects which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

  • A. Type I (immediate, anaphylactic) hypersensitivity reaction
  • B. Type II (cytolytic, cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reaction
  • C. Type III (immune complex) hypersensitivity reaction
  • D. Type IV (cell-mediated, delayed) hypersensitivity reaction
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The symptoms described in the scenario, such as chest pain, nausea, itching, urticaria, tachycardia, and hypotension, are indicative of an immediate hypersensitivity reaction, also known as a Type I hypersensitivity reaction. This type of reaction is triggered by the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and can manifest rapidly after exposure to the allergen, in this case, the blood transfusion. Common manifestations include skin reactions (e.g., itching, urticaria), respiratory symptoms (e.g., chest pain, wheezing), cardiovascular changes (e.g., tachycardia, hypotension), and gastrointestinal symptoms (e.g., nausea, vomiting).

You may also like to solve these questions

A 2-month-old is diagnosed with hip dysplasia. The parent asks you how long will the child be in the hip Spica Cast. How should you respond?

  • A. Not longer than 4 months.
  • B. The child will be placed in a Pavlik Harness for 3 to 5 months.
  • C. Following the osteotomy, the child remains in a cast for 5 months.
  • D. Between 2 and 4 months.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hip dysplasia in infants is often managed initially with a Pavlik Harness, which helps maintain the hips in the correct position for optimum development. The Pavlik Harness is typically worn for a period of 3 to 5 months, depending on the severity of the hip dysplasia and the response to treatment. If the dysplasia is more severe or does not respond well to the Pavlik Harness, further interventions such as hip spica casting or surgery may be required, but the initial treatment is usually with the Pavlik Harness.

Which information should the nurse give a mother regarding the introduction of solid foods during infancy?

  • A. Solid foods should not be introduced until 8 to 10 months, when the extrusion reflex begins to disappear.
  • B. Foods should be introduced one at a time, at intervals of 4 to 7 days.
  • C. Solid foods can be mixed in a bottle to make the transition easier for the infant.
  • D. Fruits and vegetables should be introduced into the diet first.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.

Which should the nurse recommend to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls?

  • A. Wear cotton underpants.
  • B. Limit bathing as much as possible.
  • C. Increase fluids; decrease salt intake.
  • D. Cleanse perineum with water after voiding.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cotton underpants are recommended to prevent urinary tract infections in young girls because they allow for better air circulation, which helps keep the genital area dry and reduces the likelihood of bacterial growth. Synthetic materials can trap moisture and create a warm and moist environment that promotes bacterial infections. Therefore, wearing cotton underpants is a simple and effective way to promote good hygiene and prevent urinary tract infections in young girls.

A nurse notes that a 10-month-old infant has a larger head circumference than chest. The nurse interprets this as a normal finding because the head and chest circumference become equal at which age?

  • A. 1 month
  • B. 6 to 9 months
  • C. 1 to 2 years
  • D. to 3 years
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: It is considered normal for a baby's head circumference to be larger than their chest circumference during the first few months of life. Generally, a baby's head grows more rapidly than their chest, which causes the head circumference to be larger. By around 6 to 9 months of age, the head and chest circumference measurements typically become equal. This is part of the normal growth and development pattern in infants.

The nurse is presenting an in-service session on assessing gestational age in newborns. Which information should be included?

  • A. The newborn's length and weight are the most accurate indicators of gestational age.
  • B. The newborn's Apgar score and the mother's estimated date of confinement (EDC) are combined to determine gestational age.
  • C. The newborn's posture at rest and arm recoil are two physical signs used to determine gestational age.
  • D. The newborn's chest circumference compared to the head circumference is the determinant for gestational age.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The newborn's posture at rest and arm recoil are two physical signs used to determine gestational age. Assessment of posture at rest involves observing the newborn's flexed or extended posture when lying flat on their back. Premature infants tend to have more flexed postures due to their immature muscular tone. Arm recoil refers to the ability of the newborn to return their extended arm flexes to the flexed position. This reflex is typically present in more mature infants. These physical signs, along with other factors such as skin texture, breast development, and ear formation, are used by healthcare providers to estimate the gestational age of newborns. While length, weight, and head circumference are also important measurements, the posture at rest and arm recoil are specifically used in determining gestational age.

Copyright © 2025 Nokea. All rights reserved.