Nokea
When administering an I.M. injection to an infant, the nurse in charge should use which site?
- A. Deltoid
- B. Dorsogluteal
- C. Ventrogluteal
- D. Vastus lateralis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When administering an intramuscular (I.M.) injection to an infant, the nurse should use the vastus lateralis muscle. This is the preferred site for infants as it provides a large muscle mass and is less likely to damage nerves and blood vessels compared to other sites. The vastus lateralis is located on the thigh and is easily accessible for injections in infants. It is important to select the appropriate site for I.M. injections in infants to ensure proper medication absorption and minimize the risk of complications.
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A 1-year old boy presents with high grade fever and conjunctivitis for 4 days followed by generalized maculopapular rash. One of his elder siblings had similar complaints 10 days back. The most likely diagnosis is?
- A. Rubella
- B. Kawasaki disease
- C. Scarlet fever
- D. Measles
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Measles presents with high-grade fever, conjunctivitis, and a maculopapular rash appearing after a few days of illness, often following a similar illness in a sibling.
Of the following, the genetic syndrome MOST likely associated with increased risk of optic glioma is
- A. Down syndrome
- B. neurofibromatosis
- C. monosomy
- D. Bloom's syndrome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing optic gliomas.
It is a serious condition in which the bone marrow does not produce enough new blood cells. It may be passed down from the parents or develop sometime during childhood:
- A. Iron deficiency anemia
- B. Sickle cell disease
- C. Aplastic anemia
- D. Thalassemia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Aplastic anemia is a serious condition characterized by the bone marrow's failure to produce enough blood cells - red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. This condition may be inherited or acquired later in life, including during childhood. It results in a deficiency of all types of blood cells, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weakness, frequent infections, and easy bruising or bleeding. Iron deficiency anemia, sickle cell disease, thalassemia, hemophilia, and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura are different blood disorders with distinct causes and symptoms, which do not match the description provided in the question.
It is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart
- A. Base
- B. Pericardium
- C. Aorta
- D. Apex
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The apex is the bluntly rounded portion of the heart located at the bottom. It is formed by the tip of the left ventricle and points slightly downward and to the left. The apex is essential in detecting the point of maximum intensity of the heartbeat, known as the apical impulse or point of maximal impulse (PMI). This is where the heart beats closest to the chest wall and can be felt or heard during a physical examination. The base of the heart, on the other hand, is the broader superior part of the heart where the major blood vessels enter and exit. The pericardium is the tough sac enclosing the heart, and the aorta is the main artery that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body.
a newborn has a meningomyelocele; the nurse should place him in which position:
- A. semi-fowler's
- B. supine
- C. prone
- D. non of the above is correct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A newborn with meningomyelocele should be placed in a prone position to prevent trauma or pressure on the lesion. Placing the newborn in the prone position helps prevent the lesion from coming in contact with surfaces and reduces the risk of infection and injury. By positioning the newborn prone, gravity will assist in closing the lesion and reducing the risk of complications. It is crucial to follow this positioning guideline to ensure the infant's safety and well-being.