Nokea
When administering nasal spray, which instruction by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. You will need to blow your nose before I give this medication.'
- B. You will need to blow your nose after I give this medication.'
- C. When I give this medication, you will need to hold your breath.'
- D. You need to sit up for 5 minutes after you receive the nasal spray.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Clearing the nasal passages by blowing the nose before administering nasal spray ensures effective delivery. Blowing afterward removes the medication, holding breath is unnecessary, and the patient should remain supine, not sit up.
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The nurse will plan to use the Z-track method of intramuscular (IM) injections for which situation?
- A. The medication is known to be irritating to tissues.
- B. The patient is emaciated and has very little muscle mass.
- C. The medication must be absorbed quickly into the tissues.
- D. The patient is obese and has a deep fat layer below the muscle mass.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The Z-track method is used for medications that irritate tissues or cause staining, preventing leakage into subcutaneous tissues. It is not specifically for emaciated or obese patients or for rapid absorption.
When giving a buccal medication to a patient, which action by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Encouraging the patient to swallow, if necessary
- B. Administering water after the medication has been given
- C. Placing the medication between the upper or lower molar teeth and the cheek
- D. Placing the tablet under the patient's tongue and allowing it to dissolve completely
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Buccal medications are placed between the molar teeth and the cheek for absorption. Swallowing, giving water, or placing under the tongue (sublingual) are incorrect for buccal administration.
A patient is receiving eyedrops that contain a beta-blocker medication. The nurse will use what method to reduce systemic effects after administering the eyedrops?
- A. Wiping off excess liquid immediately after instilling the drops
- B. Having the patient close the eye tightly after the drops are instilled
- C. Having the patient try to keep the eye open for 30 seconds after the drops are instilled
- D. Applying gentle pressure to the patient's nasolacrimal duct for 30 to 60 seconds after instilling the drops
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Applying gentle pressure to the nasolacrimal duct for 30-60 seconds reduces systemic absorption of eyedrops by preventing drainage into the nasal cavity. The other methods do not effectively reduce systemic effects.
A patient with asthma is to begin medication therapy using a metered-dose inhaler. What is an important reminder to include during teaching sessions with the patient?
- A. Repeat subsequent puffs, if ordered, after 5 minutes.
- B. Inhale slowly while pressing down to release the medication.
- C. Inhale quickly while pressing down to release the medication.
- D. Administer the inhaler while holding it 3 to 4 inches away from the mouth.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Inhaling slowly while pressing the inhaler ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. The inhaler should be 1-2 inches from the mouth or use a spacer, and subsequent puffs should be 1-2 minutes apart, not 5 minutes.
While the nurse is assisting a patient in taking his medications, the medication cup falls to the floor, spilling the tablets. What is the nurse's best action at this time?
- A. Discarding the medications and repeating preparation
- B. Asking the patient if he will take the medications
- C. Waiting until the next dose time, and then giving the medications
- D. Retrieving the medications and administering them to avoid waste
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Medications that fall to the floor are contaminated and must be discarded. The nurse should prepare a new dose to ensure safety. The other actions risk administering contaminated medication or delaying treatment.