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When administering the drug senna to a patient, what must a health care provider inform the patient of?
- A. This drug is intended to lower blood pressure and is best used in combination with other antihypertensives
- B. This drug is not intended for long-term use
- C. The patient must limit his/her fiber intake
- D. Advise the patient to change positions slowly to limit the risk of orthostatic hypotension
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Senna is a laxative used for short-term relief of constipation, not for long-term use. Choice A is incorrect because senna does not lower blood pressure or require combination with antihypertensives. Choice C is unrelated as there is no need to limit fiber intake with senna. Choice D is incorrect as orthostatic hypotension is not a common concern with senna use.
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A client with osteoporosis has a new prescription for alendronate. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?
- A. Take the medication with a meal.
- B. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after taking the medication.
- C. Take the medication with a glass of juice.
- D. Take the medication with milk or food.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client taking alendronate is to remain upright for at least 30 minutes after administration. This is essential to prevent esophageal irritation and ensure the medication reaches the stomach properly. Remaining upright reduces the risk of side effects such as esophagitis. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as alendronate should not be taken with a meal, juice, milk, or food to optimize its absorption and effectiveness.
The adolescent is supposed to go to the school nurse at 12:00 to receive his medication for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). He often does not go for the medication. What best describes the nurse's understanding of this situation?
- A. The adolescent is embarrassed in front of his peers
- B. The adolescent does not understand the need for the medication
- C. The adolescent forgets that he is supposed to take the medication
- D. The adolescent has made a conscious decision not to take the medication
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adolescents prioritize peer image-skipping ADHD meds (e.g., Ritalin) at school likely stems from embarrassment, a developmental trait. Lack of understanding or forgetting is possible but less likely with routine. Conscious refusal needs evidence (e.g., verbal rejection). Embarrassment fits social sensitivity, guiding intervention.
When educating a client starting a new prescription for metoprolol, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Check your pulse before taking the medication.
- B. Take the medication with food to increase absorption.
- C. Avoid sudden changes in position.
- D. Monitor your blood pressure regularly.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for a client starting metoprolol is to avoid sudden changes in position. Metoprolol can cause dizziness due to its blood pressure-lowering effects, increasing the risk of falls and injury. Instructing the client to change positions slowly helps prevent orthostatic hypotension and related adverse events. Checking the pulse before taking the medication (Choice A) is not typically necessary for metoprolol. Taking the medication with food (Choice B) is not required for absorption and can be taken with or without food. Monitoring blood pressure regularly (Choice D) is essential for clients taking metoprolol, but avoiding sudden changes in position is more critical to prevent dizziness and falls.
What nursing interventions should you perform when a patient is on Albuterol? (Select all that apply)
- A. Assess lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before administering
- B. Monitor for changes in behavior
- C. Observe for paradoxical bronchospasms
- D. Both A and C
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct nursing interventions to perform when a patient is on Albuterol include assessing the patient's lung sounds, pulse, and blood pressure before administering the medication to monitor for cardiovascular side effects like increased heart rate. Additionally, it is crucial to observe for paradoxical bronchospasms, a rare but serious adverse reaction where the medication causes a worsening of bronchospasm instead of relief. Monitoring for changes in behavior is not directly related to Albuterol administration and is not a standard nursing intervention for patients receiving this medication, making choice B incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it includes the essential nursing actions for patients on Albuterol.
When teaching a client with a prescription for Phenytoin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Expect the development of a mild rash.
- B. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- C. Monitor for signs of gingival hyperplasia.
- D. Increase your intake of calcium.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia, a condition characterized by overgrowth of gum tissue. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for signs of gingival hyperplasia, such as swollen or bleeding gums. Good oral hygiene practices are essential to prevent or manage this side effect. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Phenytoin does not typically cause a mild rash, should be taken with food to reduce gastrointestinal upset, and does not warrant an increase in calcium intake.