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When applying the SAMPLE mnemonic, which of the following statements from the patient would be classified under the letter 'M' for medications?
- A. I have been taking aspirin for my headaches.
- B. I am allergic to penicillin.
- C. I recently had surgery on my knee.
- D. I take Metformin for my diabetes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: The 'M' in the SAMPLE mnemonic stands for Medications, which focuses on the current and past medications the patient is taking.
Step 2: Choice D, "I take Metformin for my diabetes," directly provides information about a medication the patient is currently taking.
Step 3: This statement is relevant to the patient's medical history and helps in understanding their current health condition.
Summary: Choice D is correct as it specifically addresses the patient's medication (Metformin for diabetes), while the other choices provide information related to headaches (A), allergies (B), and surgical history (C), which do not fall under the 'M' category for medications.
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Which scientist is credited with the discovery of X-rays, and in what year did this discovery occur?
- A. Marie Curie in 1903
- B. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895
- C. Thomas Edison in 1896
- D. Albert Einstein in 1905
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. Roentgen discovered X-rays by accident while experimenting with cathode rays. He noticed a glow from a nearby screen even though it was covered, leading to the discovery of X-rays. Marie Curie is known for her work on radioactivity, not X-rays. Thomas Edison is famous for inventing the light bulb and phonograph, not X-rays. Albert Einstein is known for his work on the theory of relativity, not the discovery of X-rays.
Which of the following is an early sign of dehydration in older adults?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Dry mouth and skin
- C. Decreased urine output
- D. Increased thirst
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry mouth and skin. Dehydration in older adults can lead to dry mouth and skin due to the lack of proper hydration. This is an early sign as the body starts to lose water. Weight gain (A) is not indicative of dehydration, as it typically occurs with fluid retention. Decreased urine output (C) is a later sign of dehydration, as the body conserves water. Increased thirst (D) is a response to dehydration but not an early sign. Therefore, dry mouth and skin are the most relevant early indicators of dehydration in older adults.
A 44-year-old male presents for an employment physical and is concerned about testing positive for amphetamines on a drug screen. His current medication list includes metformin, lisinopril, glyburide, and bupropion. The most likely medication cause for a false positive result for amphetamines would be:
- A. Metformin
- B. Lisinopril
- C. Glyburide
- D. Bupropion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, Bupropion. Bupropion is known to potentially cause false-positive results for amphetamines on drug screens due to its structural similarity to amphetamines. Bupropion is a medication commonly used to treat depression and aid in smoking cessation. Metformin (A), Lisinopril (B), and Glyburide (C) are not known to cause false positives for amphetamines. Metformin is used to treat diabetes, Lisinopril is used for hypertension, and Glyburide is used for diabetes. Therefore, the most likely medication cause for a false positive result for amphetamines in this case would be bupropion.
A 50-year-old male has a non-tender, enlarged scrotum. The nurse practitioner suspects which of the following conditions:
- A. Orchitis
- B. Epididymitis
- C. Hydrocele
- D. Prostatitis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hydrocele. A hydrocele is a fluid-filled sac surrounding the testicle, causing scrotal enlargement without tenderness. Orchitis (A) is inflammation of the testicle, presenting with pain and tenderness. Epididymitis (B) is inflammation of the epididymis, also causing tenderness. Prostatitis (D) involves inflammation of the prostate gland, not related to scrotal enlargement. In this case, the lack of tenderness and presence of scrotal enlargement point towards a hydrocele as the likely condition.
You are obtaining an arterial blood gas in the radial artery on a retired cab driver who has been hospitalized in the intensive care unit for a stroke. You are concerned about the possibility of arterial insufficiency. You perform the Allen test. This means that you:
- A. Checked for patency of the radial artery
- B. Checked for patency of the brachial artery
- C. Checked for patency of the ulnar artery
- D. Checked for patency of the femoral artery
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Allen test assesses collateral circulation by checking for patency of the ulnar artery. This is important before obtaining an arterial blood gas from the radial artery to ensure adequate blood flow and prevent ischemia. If the ulnar artery is not patent, using the radial artery could lead to arterial insufficiency. Checking the radial artery's patency (Choice A) is not the purpose of the Allen test. Checking the patency of the brachial artery (Choice B) or the femoral artery (Choice D) is not relevant in this context. The correct answer is C because ensuring ulnar artery patency is crucial for arterial blood gas sampling from the radial artery.