Nokea
When asked to identify the characteristics of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the nurse correctly responds that most people with this disorder report which findings? Select all that apply.
- A. Recurring nightmares
- B. Auditory hallucinations
- C. Rapidly changing emotions
- D. Flashbacks
- E. Ease in being startled
- F. Trouble concentrating
Correct Answer: A,D,E,F
Rationale: PTSD symptoms include nightmares, flashbacks, hyperarousal (easily startled), and concentration difficulties, reflecting trauma-related distress.
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If the client is typical of others of similar age, the nurse can anticipate the client as having which age-related problems? Select all that apply.
- A. Becoming cynical
- B. Losing patience
- C. Developing hostility
- D. Having periods of regret
- E. Experiencing episodes of depression
Correct Answer: D,E
Rationale: Regret and depression are common in late adulthood as individuals reflect on life, per Erikson's integrity vs. despair stage.
When interacting with a client experiencing a panic attack, which technique by the nurse is most likely to help reduce the client's anxiety level?
- A. Stand less than an arm's length away.
- B. State that everything is going to be okay.
- C. Instruct the client to take shallow breaths.
- D. Explain all actions and procedures.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Explaining actions provides predictability, reducing anxiety by enhancing the client's sense of control during a panic attack.
When discussing obesity, which comment best indicates that the client is using the coping mechanism of rationalization to deal with being overweight?
- A. I have many health risks from being obese.
- B. I eat because I am under stress.
- C. I know you don't like me because I'm fat.
- D. I can't help being overweight; it's in my genes.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Blaming genetics for obesity is rationalization, as it justifies the condition by attributing it to an uncontrollable factor.
What is the best approach for reorienting a confused client who wanders into other clients' rooms?
- A. Place a large sign with the client's name on the door.
- B. Keep the room doors on the unit locked at all times.
- C. Restrain the client in a wheelchair when unattended.
- D. Speak to the client about invading other people's privacy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Restraining in a wheelchair prevents wandering while respecting dignity, though it must be used cautiously and per protocol.
Which action is best to use initially when trying to help the angry client maintain self-control?
- A. Administer a sedative.
- B. Apply four-point restraints.
- C. Use a calm voice and approach.
- D. Place the client in seclusion.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A calm voice and approach de-escalates anger by creating a non-threatening environment, encouraging the client to regain control.