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When assessing a geriatric patient who has possibly experienced an acute ischemic stroke, which of the following questions would be MOST appropriate to ask?
- A. When did you first notice the symptoms?
- B. Do you have a history of high blood pressure?
- C. What medications do you take and why?
- D. Have you previously had a heart attack?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The most appropriate question to ask when assessing a geriatric patient who may have experienced an acute ischemic stroke is when the symptoms were first noticed. This information is crucial for determining the time window for potential treatments like thrombolytic therapy, as prompt intervention is necessary for stroke management. Option B is not as relevant in the acute assessment of stroke, though important for overall health history. Option C is important but may not be as time-sensitive as determining symptom onset. Option D focuses on a different cardiac event, not directly related to the current concern of a possible stroke.
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Which of the following signs would you expect to see in a child with respiratory failure?
- A. Slow, irregular breathing
- B. Flushed skin
- C. Strong cry
- D. Unconsciousness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a child with respiratory failure, slow, irregular breathing is a common sign. Respiratory failure impairs the ability to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently, leading to altered breathing patterns. Flushed skin, a strong cry, or unconsciousness may not be specific signs of respiratory failure and could be indicative of other conditions. Flushed skin may be a sign of fever or increased blood flow, a strong cry may indicate pain or distress, and unconsciousness can have various causes beyond respiratory failure.
What should you do immediately upon delivery of a newborn's head?
- A. Suction the nose.
- B. Dry the face.
- C. Cover the eyes.
- D. Suction the mouth.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Upon delivery of a newborn's head, the priority is to clear the airway to ensure proper breathing. Suctioning the mouth takes precedence over suctioning the nose or other actions to prevent potential airway obstruction. Choice D is the correct answer as it addresses the immediate need to maintain a clear airway for the newborn. Choices A, B, and C are not the correct actions to take at this moment as they do not directly address the crucial need to establish a clear airway for the newborn.
You and your partner are performing CPR on a 2-year-old female in cardiac arrest. During your resuscitation attempt, you should:
- A. hyperventilate her due to severe hypoxia.
- B. attach the AED pads after 5 minutes of high-quality CPR.
- C. perform compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2.
- D. allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions is crucial during CPR to ensure proper blood flow. This action allows the heart to refill with blood, enhancing the effectiveness of compressions and circulation. Hyperventilating the patient can lead to decreased cardiac output and is not recommended. Attaching AED pads should be done as soon as possible in a pediatric cardiac arrest situation, ideally within 2 minutes. The correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for pediatric CPR is 30:2, focusing on high-quality compressions to provide adequate perfusion to vital organs.
General guidelines when assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion include:
- A. placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen.
- B. separating the child from the parent to ensure a reliable examination.
- C. examining the child in the parent's arms.
- D. palpating the painful area of the abdomen first.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion, it is essential to examine the child in the parent's arms. This approach can help maintain the child's comfort, keep them calm, and increase their cooperation during the assessment. Placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen (Choice A) can be distressing and uncomfortable for the child. Separating the child from the parent (Choice B) may cause additional stress and hinder the examination process. Palpating the painful area first (Choice D) can lead to increased discomfort and resistance from the child.
You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The child is wheezing and has nasal flaring and retractions. His oxygen saturation is 92%. You should:
- A. place the child in a supine position.
- B. administer high-flow oxygen.
- C. begin chest compressions.
- D. administer low-flow oxygen.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a scenario where a child presents with respiratory distress, wheezing, nasal flaring, retractions, and an oxygen saturation of 92%, the appropriate intervention is to administer high-flow oxygen. This helps to improve oxygenation and alleviate the respiratory distress the child is experiencing. Placing the child in a supine position can worsen their condition by affecting their ability to breathe effectively. Chest compressions are not indicated in this case as the child is not in cardiac arrest. Administering low-flow oxygen may not provide adequate oxygenation for a child in respiratory distress with a saturation of 92%. Therefore, the priority is to administer high-flow oxygen to improve oxygen levels and support the child's breathing.