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When assessing a newborn infant with low set ears, short palpebral fissures, flat nasal bridge, and an indistinct philtrum, a priority maternal assessment by the nurse should be to ask about
- A. Alcohol use during pregnancy
- B. Usual nutritional intake
- C. Family genetic disorders
- D. Maternal and paternal ages
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alcohol use during pregnancy. The physical features mentioned are indicative of fetal alcohol syndrome, a condition caused by maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy. It is crucial for the nurse to inquire about alcohol use as it can help in diagnosing and managing the infant's condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly associated with the physical findings described in the newborn, which specifically point towards a potential history of alcohol exposure during pregnancy.
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The RN is planning care at a team meeting for a 2-month-old child in bilateral leg casts for congenital clubfoot. Which of these suggestions by the PN should be considered the priority nursing goal following cast application?
- A. Infant will experience minimal pain
- B. Muscle spasms will be relieved
- C. Mobility will be managed as tolerated
- D. Tissue perfusion will be maintained
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Following cast application for congenital clubfoot in a 2-month-old child, the priority nursing goal should be to maintain tissue perfusion. This is crucial to prevent complications like compartment syndrome and ensure proper healing. While managing pain, relieving muscle spasms, and promoting mobility are important aspects of care, they are secondary to ensuring adequate tissue perfusion in this scenario.
What is the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions known as?
- A. Health literacy
- B. Health equity
- C. Health disparity
- D. Health promotion
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services necessary to make informed health decisions. It empowers individuals to navigate the healthcare system, understand medical instructions, and advocate for their own health needs.
- Choice B, Health equity, is the concept of everyone having a fair opportunity to attain their full health potential and not being disadvantaged due to their social or economic status.
- Choice C, Health disparity, refers to differences in health outcomes or access to healthcare between different populations, often influenced by social, economic, or environmental factors.
- Choice D, Health promotion, involves efforts to enhance and protect the health of individuals and communities through education, behavior change, and public health initiatives.
When discussing hypothyroidism and treatment with the family of a newborn, the nurse should emphasize
- A. Expecting mental retardation in the child is likely
- B. Administering thyroid hormone can prevent problems
- C. This rare problem is always hereditary
- D. Physical growth/development will be delayed
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Administering thyroid hormone to a newborn diagnosed with hypothyroidism can prevent developmental delays and mental retardation. This treatment is crucial to ensure optimal growth and development. Choice A is incorrect because with prompt treatment, mental retardation can be prevented. Choice C is incorrect as hypothyroidism can also be acquired and not only hereditary. Choice D is incorrect as physical growth and development can be supported through timely administration of thyroid hormone.
Which ethnic group has the highest risk for diabetes?
- A. African Americans
- B. Hispanic Americans
- C. Asian Americans
- D. Native Americans
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Native Americans have the highest risk for diabetes compared to other ethnic groups. This is due to genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and limited access to healthcare. African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans also have an increased risk of developing diabetes, but statistically, Native Americans have the highest prevalence of the disease. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect.
Which topic should be included in planning a secondary prevention project for the local retirement community?
- A. Safety measures in the home.
- B. Adult immunization program.
- C. Rehabilitation after surgery.
- D. Vision and hearing screening.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In planning a secondary prevention project for the local retirement community, vision and hearing screening should be included. This is crucial as sensory impairments are common among older adults and early detection through screening can help in preventing further complications. Safety measures in the home, adult immunization programs, and rehabilitation after surgery are important but fall more under primary or tertiary prevention strategies rather than secondary prevention, which focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health conditions.