Nokea
When assessing a patient's orientation, the nurse should:
- A. Ask the patient questions about their name, location, and the date.
- B. Measure the patient's temperature.
- C. Inspect the patient's skin color.
- D. Check the patient's pulse rate.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Orientation is assessed by asking the patient about their name, location, and the date. Temperature, skin color, and pulse rate are unrelated to orientation.
You may also like to solve these questions
Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia & hemianopia develop together with disease in the:
- A. spinal cord
- B. internal capsule
- C. thalamus
- D. brainstem
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Internal capsule is the correct answer because it contains ascending and descending nerve fibers that transmit motor and sensory information between the brain and the spinal cord. Damage to the internal capsule can result in hemiplegia (paralysis on one side), hemianesthesia (sensory loss on one side), and hemianopia (visual field loss on one side) due to the dense concentration of these fibers in this region.
What is the relationship between dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and patterning of the somites?
- A. The somites pattern the neural tube after they form.
- B. The neural tube plays the role of organizer in being the sole influence on patterning in the somites
- C. Sonic hedgehog from the notochord and floorplate of the neural tube confers ventral fates on both the neural tube and the somite, while BMPs confer more dorsal fates.
- D. Both the neural tube and the somites acquire their dorso-ventral patterning during gastrulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and somites is regulated by opposing gradients of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) from the notochord and floorplate (ventralizing signals) and BMPs from the dorsal neural tube (dorsalizing signals). These signals coordinate the development of both structures, ensuring proper alignment and function of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system.
Which inhibitory neurotransmitter controls body posture and movement?
- A. acetylcholine
- B. glutamate
- C. dopamine
- D. serotonin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter involved in regulating movement, motivation, and reward. In the context of movement, it plays a crucial role in the basal ganglia, helping to control posture and smooth, coordinated movements.
Cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid space via the
- A. 4th ventricle
- B. 3rd ventricle
- C. subarachnoid granulations
- D. choroids plexus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cerebrospinal fluid flows from the fourth ventricle into the subarachnoid space via the median and lateral apertures. This allows CSF to circulate around the brain and spinal cord.
A 30-year-old woman tells the nurse that she has been very unsteady and has had difficulty in maintaining her balance. Which area of the brain that is related to these findings would concern the nurse?
- A. Thalamus
- B. Brainstem
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Extrapyramidal tract
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cerebellum. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, balance, and posture. Damage to the cerebellum can result in symptoms like unsteadiness and difficulty maintaining balance. The thalamus (A) is involved in relaying sensory and motor signals but is not directly related to balance. The brainstem (B) plays a role in basic life functions like breathing and heart rate, not balance. The extrapyramidal tract (D) is involved in regulating motor activities but is not primarily responsible for balance control.