Nokea
When assessing cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve), the nurse should:
- A. Test the sensation of the face and palpate the masseter muscles.
- B. Check the patient's ability to hear.
- C. Examine the patient's sense of smell.
- D. Assess the patient's swallowing ability.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal nerve) is responsible for facial sensation and mastication. Testing facial sensation and palpating the masseter muscles assess its function. Hearing, smell, and swallowing are assessed by other cranial nerves.
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A patient has blindness related to a functional neurological (conversion) disorder but is unconcerned about this problem. Which understanding should guide the nurse's planning for this patient? The patient is:
- A. suppressing accurate feelings regarding the problem.
- B. relieving anxiety through the physical symptom.
- C. meeting needs through hospitalization.
- D. refusing to disclose genuine fears.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the patient is unconcerned about the blindness, indicating that the symptom is relieving anxiety. This is characteristic of conversion disorder where physical symptoms alleviate psychological distress. Other choices are incorrect because the patient is not necessarily suppressing feelings (A), not meeting needs through hospitalization (C), and not refusing to disclose fears (D).
Which of the following signs is present in a client with meningitis and is described as the inability to extend the leg when the thigh is flexed on the abdomen?
- A. Opisthotonos
- B. Positive Brudzinski's sign
- C. Positive Kernig's sign
- D. Nuchal rigidity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Kernig's sign is characterized by this specific limitation in leg extension.
Mary frequently has an increase in seizures before her menstrual period. An intervention that may help to decrease Mary's seizures is
- A. increasing exercise during the week before her period
- B. avoiding any cold or chilling during this time
- C. taking frequent rest periods
- D. decreasing fluid and salt intake
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Decreasing fluid and salt intake can reduce seizure frequency in some individuals.
The earliest indication that Mr. Smith is developing increasing intracranial pressure is
- A. decreasing level of consciousness
- B. increasing systolic blood pressure
- C. slowing of respirations
- D. decreasing pulse rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A decreasing level of consciousness is often the first sign of increased intracranial pressure.
What is the relationship between dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and patterning of the somites?
- A. The somites pattern the neural tube after they form.
- B. The neural tube plays the role of organizer in being the sole influence on patterning in the somites
- C. Sonic hedgehog from the notochord and floorplate of the neural tube confers ventral fates on both the neural tube and the somite, while BMPs confer more dorsal fates.
- D. Both the neural tube and the somites acquire their dorso-ventral patterning during gastrulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dorso-ventral patterning of the neural tube and somites is regulated by opposing gradients of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) from the notochord and floorplate (ventralizing signals) and BMPs from the dorsal neural tube (dorsalizing signals). These signals coordinate the development of both structures, ensuring proper alignment and function of the nervous system and musculoskeletal system.