Nokea
When assessing speech development, which of the following children should the nurse refer for further examination?
- A. A 4-month-old who laughs out loud.
- B. A 10-month-old who says 'dada' and 'mama.'
- C. A 1-year-old who says 3 to 5 words.
- D. An 18-month-old who only says 'no.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: An 18-month-old should have a vocabulary of about 15-20 words and start forming simple phrases. Only saying 'no' indicates a potential delay, warranting further evaluation. The other options reflect age-appropriate speech milestones.
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The nurse is teaching a client with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus about insulin administration. Which of the following instructions is most important?
- A. Rotate injection sites.
- B. Store insulin in the freezer.
- C. Administer insulin at bedtime only.
- D. Use the same syringe for multiple doses.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Rotating injection sites prevents lipodystrophy and ensures consistent insulin absorption.
The nurse working in a long-term care setting attended a workshop on creating a restraint-free environment for the residents. When several coworkers firmly resist changing stating that their current methods are satisfactory, which action should aid the nurse in being effective in facilitating change?
- A. Pointing out to coworkers the various mistakes that they are presently making in adhering to outdated restraint procedures
- B. Informing the nursing supervisor that current restraint policies must be changed and requesting that all staff be required to comply
- C. Writing a new restraint policy over the weekend and distributing it to coworkers for immediate implementation on Monday morning
- D. Asking coworkers to help gather data comparing the facility's restraint procedures and outcomes with those of others using revised procedures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: To be an effective change agent, the nurse must work collaboratively with others to solve common problems. The nurse who works collaboratively with others to facilitate change has a much greater chance of success than one who unilaterally demands or implements change. By enlisting the assistance of others, there is a greater chance that they will support proposed changes in procedures. To focus on errors (perceived or real) serves only to alienate others and is not effective in promoting change. A punitive atmosphere is not effective in promoting change because it discourages people from taking risks.
A physician is calling the pediatric unit and asking the nurse to go into the electronic medical record (EMR) for test results of a fellow pediatrician. How should the nurse respond to this request?
- A. Identify if the calling physician is the physician of record or has a need to know.
- B. Access the EMR and give the physician the test results.
- C. Decline to give the physician the information requested.
- D. Determine whether the nurse can access the EMR.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Verifying the physician's need to know ensures compliance with privacy regulations (e.g., HIPAA) before sharing EMR data, protecting patient confidentiality.
The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the treatment of pernicious anemia?
- A. I will need to increase my dietary intake of foods that are high in vitamin B12.'
- B. I will receive my first injection of vitamin B12 tomorrow, and I will return for a follow-up injection in 1 month.'
- C. I understand that the oral form of vitamin B12 is preferred because it is safer and less expensive than the injection form.'
- D. I will need to take vitamin B12 replacements for the rest of my life.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pernicious anemia requires lifelong vitamin B12 injections due to intrinsic factor deficiency, preventing absorption of dietary or oral B12.
A client with a history of myocardial infarction is prescribed aspirin. What is the primary purpose of this medication?
- A. Reduce fever.
- B. Prevent platelet aggregation.
- C. Relieve chest pain.
- D. Lower cholesterol.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin prevents platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of thrombus formation in clients with a history of myocardial infarction.