Nokea
When blood glucose levels are difficult to control in type 2 diabetes some form of insulin may be added to the treatment regimen to control blood glucose and limit complication risks. Which of the following statements is accurate based on research?
- A. Premixed insulin analogues are better at lowering HbA1C and have less risk for hypoglycemia
- B. Premixed insulin analogues and the newer premixed insulins are associated with more weight gain than the oral antidiabetic agents
- C. Newer premixed insulins are better at lowering HbA1C and postprandial glucose levels than long-acting insulins
- D. Patients who are not controlled on oral agents and have postprandial hyperglycemia can have neutral protamine Hagedorn insulin added at bedtime
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: NPH at bedtime targets postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes; premixed insulins vary in efficacy.
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Information technology can be a time-saving device in a busy practice if it is used wisely. One way to make it a help rather than a hindrance is to:
- A. Prioritize what is needed information and spond spending time reading 'interesting' information not central to the problem at hand
- B. Integrate professional and personal searching so that the same browser does not need to be accessed repeatedly
- C. Check e-mail frequently so that patient questions can be addressed promptly
- D. Check for viruses, spyware, and malware
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Prioritizing relevant information saves time in a busy practice.
The nurse is caring for a client who has a nasogastric tube in place. The client is to receive an oral medication through the tube. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Not diluting liquids prior to administration
- B. Checking the tube for placement
- C. Dissolving crushed tablets in water prior to administration
- D. Flushing the tube with water after drugs are administered
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Before administration of an oral drug through an NG tube or gastrostomy tube, the nurse should check the tube for placement, dilute and flush liquid drugs through the tube, crush tablets and dissolve them in water before administering them through the tube, and flush the tube with water after the drugs are placed in the tube to clear the tubing completely.
It is reasonable to recommend supplementation with in the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
- A. Omega-3 fatty acids
- B. Probiotics
- C. Plant sterols
- D. Calcium
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Plant sterols reduce LDL cholesterol by inhibiting intestinal cholesterol absorption.
Which of the following can be used with parenteral route for the treatment of diabetes mellitus
- A. Insulin preparations
- B. Sulfonilureas
- C. Biguanides
- D. Acarbose
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is the only diabetes medication administered parenterally (e.g., subcutaneous or IV).
Food can alter the pH of the stomach, leading to:
- A. Enhanced drug metabolism
- B. Altered vitamin K absorption
- C. Increased vitamin D absorption
- D. Altered drug bioavailability
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Changes in stomach pH due to food can affect drug dissolution and absorption, altering bioavailability.