Vital Signs Assessment Quizlet

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When body temperature falls below 93.2 degrees Fahrenheit, the person is suffering from the extreme:

  • A. Hyperthermia
  • B. Hypothermia
  • C. Orthopnea
  • D. Dypsnea
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hypothermia, is correct because a body temperature below 93.2°F indicates severe hypothermia, a life-threatening condition where the body loses heat faster than it produces it. Normal temperature is ~98.6°F; hypothermia begins below 95°F, and below 93.2°F is extreme, risking organ failure. Hyperthermia, is the opposite (elevated temperature). Orthopnea, is difficulty breathing when lying flat, unrelated to temperature. Dypsnea (likely misspelled dyspnea), is shortness of breath, a symptom not a condition here. Hypothermia triggers shivering, confusion, and slowed metabolism, and at 93.2°F, immediate warming is critical. Clinical definitions support B as the accurate term for this extreme low-temperature state.

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Gamekeeper's thumb involves an injury to which of the following structures?

  • A. Medial collateral ligament
  • B. Ulnar collateral ligament
  • C. Transverse carpal ligament
  • D. Triangular fibrocartilage complex
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Gamekeeper's thumb results from injury to the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb MCP joint.

During a cardiovascular assessment, the nurse auscultates a murmur. What is the next step in the assessment?

  • A. Assess for signs of heart failure.
  • B. Document the murmur.
  • C. Auscultate for any other abnormal heart sounds.
  • D. Order an electrocardiogram (ECG).
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: After auscultating a murmur, it is important to auscultate for any other abnormal heart sounds and evaluate the murmur's timing, pitch, and intensity.

The nurse is performing an abdominal examination and detects a bruit over the renal arteries. What is the most likely cause of this finding?

  • A. Normal vascular sound.
  • B. Renal artery stenosis.
  • C. Aortic aneurysm.
  • D. Increased peristalsis.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: A bruit over the renal arteries suggests renal artery stenosis, a narrowing of the blood vessels that supply the kidneys.

The nurse is reviewing statistics regarding breast cancer. Which woman, aged 40 years in the United States, has the highest risk for developing breast cancer?

  • A. Black
  • B. White
  • C. Asian
  • D. American Indian
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The incidence of breast cancer varies within different cultural groups. White women have a higher incidence of breast cancer than black women starting at age 45 years; but black women have a higher incidence before age 45 years. Asian, Hispanic, and American Indian women have a lower risk for development of breast cancer.

A nurse places a fan in the room of a patient who is overheated. This is an example of heat loss related to which of the following mechanisms of heat transfer?

  • A. evaporation
  • B. radiation
  • C. conduction
  • D. convection
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Convection involves heat loss via air movement (e.g., a fan), per the answer key. Evaporation is sweat-based cooling. Radiation is heat emission without contact. Conduction requires direct touch. The fan enhances air circulation, speeding heat loss from the skin, a key nursing intervention for overheating, aligning with physiological principles of heat transfer in patient comfort management.