Nokea
When caring for a 2-year-old girl who is wheezing and has difficulty breathing, which interview question would provide the most useful information related to the symptoms of the child?
- A. Inquiring about child safety in the home
- B. Asking about the temperament of the child
- C. Asking about the child's diet
- D. Asking the parents if they smoke in the home
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asking the parents if they smoke in the home is the most relevant question as exposure to secondhand smoke can exacerbate respiratory symptoms like wheezing and difficulty breathing in children. Smoking indoors can worsen the child's condition and is crucial information for the healthcare provider to assess and address. Inquiring about child safety in the home, asking about the child's temperament, and questioning the child's diet are important aspects of care but are not directly linked to the immediate respiratory symptoms the child is experiencing.
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After an infant has had corrective surgery for hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS), what should the nurse teach a parent to do immediately after a feeding to limit vomiting?
- A. Rock the infant.
- B. Place the infant in an infant seat.
- C. Place the infant flat on the right side.
- D. Keep the infant awake with sensory stimulation.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B. Placing the infant in an infant seat is essential after feeding to help keep the head elevated and reduce the risk of vomiting. This position helps prevent regurgitation of formula or milk. Rocking the infant (Choice A) is incorrect because it may exacerbate vomiting due to the movement. Placing the infant flat on the right side (Choice C) is incorrect as it does not promote proper digestion and can increase the risk of vomiting. Keeping the infant awake with sensory stimulation (Choice D) is incorrect as it does not directly address the physiological need to reduce vomiting after feeding.
What explanation should the nurse provide to the parents of a 6-month-old infant diagnosed with cystic fibrosis?
- A. It is a condition affecting the respiratory and digestive systems.
- B. It is an autoimmune disorder affecting multiple organs.
- C. It is a genetic disorder that can be managed with medication.
- D. It is a condition caused by prenatal exposure to toxins.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It results in the production of thick, sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas. This explanation is crucial for parents to understand the impact of the condition on their child's health. Choice B is incorrect because cystic fibrosis is not an autoimmune disorder. Choice C is partially correct in that cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder, but it requires a comprehensive management approach beyond just medication. Choice D is incorrect as cystic fibrosis is not caused by prenatal exposure to toxins but rather by inheriting specific genetic mutations.
What is the most common cause of shock (hypoperfusion) in infants and children?
- A. infection
- B. cardiac failure
- C. accidental poisoning
- D. severe allergic reaction
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Infection is the leading cause of shock in infants and children due to their heightened vulnerability to sepsis. Infants and children possess developing immune systems, rendering them more susceptible to infections that can progress to septic shock. While cardiac failure is a severe condition, it is not as commonly the primary cause of shock in this age group. Accidental poisoning, though a potential shock inducer, is less prevalent in infants and children compared to infections. Severe allergic reactions, though significant, are not as frequent as infections in precipitating shock in infants and children.
When a child with a diagnosis of asthma is prescribed a peak flow meter, what should the nurse teach the child and parents about using this device?
- A. Use the device before taking medication
- B. Use the device during asthma attacks
- C. Record the best of three attempts
- D. Use the device after eating
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is to record the best of three attempts when using a peak flow meter. This method provides a more accurate measure of peak expiratory flow. Choice A is incorrect because using the device before taking medication may not reflect the actual peak flow, as medication can affect lung function. Choice B is incorrect as using the device during asthma attacks may not be feasible or safe, as the focus during an attack should be on managing symptoms rather than measuring peak flow. Choice D is incorrect because using the device after eating may not provide an accurate measurement of peak flow, as digestion can affect lung function temporarily.
A child is being assessed for suspected intussusception. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Projectile vomiting
- B. Currant jelly stools
- C. Abdominal distension
- D. Constipation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct clinical manifestation the healthcare provider is likely to observe in a child with suspected intussusception is abdominal distension. Intussusception involves one portion of the intestine telescoping into another, causing obstruction. Abdominal distension is a common symptom due to the obstruction and buildup of gas and fluid in the affected area. While projectile vomiting can occur, it is not as specific to intussusception as abdominal distension. Currant jelly stools, which are stools containing blood and mucus, are a classic sign of intussusception but are not a clinical manifestation observable on assessment. Constipation is not typically associated with intussusception, as this condition often presents with symptoms of bowel obstruction rather than constipation.