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When caring for children with a different cultural perspective, what challenge may the nurse recognize?
- A. Children have spiritual needs that are influenced by their stages of development
- B. Children have spiritual needs that are direct reflections of what is occurring in their homes
- C. Religious beliefs rarely affect the parents' perceptions of the illness
- D. Parents are often the decision-makers, and they have no knowledge of their children's spiritual needs
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When caring for children with different cultural perspectives, nurses should acknowledge that children have spiritual needs that are influenced by their stages of development. This understanding is crucial as children, like adults, have varying spiritual needs based on their age and the religious environment within their family. Recognizing and addressing these spiritual needs is essential for providing holistic care. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the influence of children's developmental stages on their spiritual needs and the importance of considering these needs in their care.
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During a class on cultural practices, the nurse hears the term cultural taboo. Which statement illustrates the concept of a cultural taboo?
- A. Trying prayer before seeking medical help
- B. Believing that illness is a punishment of sin
- C. Refusing to accept blood products as part of treatment
- D. Stating that a child's birth defect is the result of the parents' sins
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The concept of a cultural taboo involves practices that are forbidden or avoided within a particular culture. Refusing to accept blood products as part of treatment is a clear example of a cultural taboo, as some cultures or religions prohibit the use of blood products for medical purposes. This practice is deeply rooted in cultural beliefs and traditions. The other choices provided do not directly relate to cultural taboos. Trying prayer before seeking medical help, believing illness is a punishment of sin, and stating that a child's birth defect is the result of parents' sins are beliefs or actions based on religious or personal beliefs, but they do not specifically represent cultural taboos.
An experienced healthcare professional instructs a new colleague on caring for a patient with dyspnea due to a pulmonary fungal infection. Which action by the new colleague indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. Listening to the patient's lung sounds several times during the shift
- B. Placing the patient in droplet precautions and in a private hospital room
- C. Increasing the oxygen flow rate to maintain oxygen saturation above 90%
- D. Monitoring the patient's serology results to identify the specific infecting organism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is placing the patient in droplet precautions and in a private hospital room. Fungal infections are not transmitted from person to person, so isolation procedures like droplet precautions are unnecessary. Listening to the patient's lung sounds, increasing the oxygen flow rate, and monitoring serology results are all appropriate actions in caring for a patient with dyspnea caused by a pulmonary fungal infection.
The categories such as ethnicity, gender, and religion illustrate which concept?
- A. Family
- B. Cultures
- C. Spirituality
- D. Subcultures
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Within cultures, various groups of people share different beliefs, values, and attitudes due to factors such as ethnicity, religion, education, occupation, age, and gender. When these distinct groups coexist within a broader culture, they are referred to as subcultures. While ethnicity, gender, and religion are important components of individuals' identities, they do not represent the concepts of family, cultures, or spirituality. The correct answer is 'Subcultures' as these categories reflect differences within a larger cultural context, emphasizing the unique characteristics shared by members of subcultural groups.
When performing a physical assessment, what technique should the nurse always perform first?
- A. Palpation
- B. Inspection
- C. Percussion
- D. Auscultation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: During a physical assessment, the nurse should always begin with inspection. The sequence of techniques for physical examination is inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. These skills are performed in a specific order, except for the abdominal assessment where auscultation precedes palpation and percussion. Inspection allows the nurse to observe and gather initial information without direct contact. It is a crucial step that provides valuable insights before proceeding to palpation, percussion, and auscultation. Therefore, choice B, 'Inspection,' is the correct answer. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they should follow inspection in the sequence of a comprehensive physical assessment.
After change-of-shift report, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. 72-year-old with cor pulmonale who has 4+ bilateral edema in his legs and feet
- B. 28-year-old with a history of a lung transplant and a temperature of 101 F (38.3 C)
- C. 40-year-old with a pleural effusion who is complaining of severe stabbing chest pain
- D. 64-year-old with lung cancer and tracheal deviation after subclavian catheter insertion
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The patient with lung cancer and tracheal deviation after a subclavian catheter insertion should be assessed first. Tracheal deviation can indicate tension pneumothorax, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate intervention to prevent inadequate cardiac output or hypoxemia. While the other patients also need assessment, the potential for tension pneumothorax in the patient with tracheal deviation necessitates urgent attention to prevent complications.