Nokea
When counting an infant's respirations, which technique is correct?
- A. Watching the chest rise and fall
- B. Observing the movement of the abdomen
- C. Placing a hand across the infant's chest
- D. Using a stethoscope to listen to the breath sounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct technique for counting an infant's respirations is to observe the movement of the abdomen. Infants typically have more diaphragmatic breathing than thoracic, so watching the abdomen provides a more accurate count. Placing a hand on the chest or listening with a stethoscope can alter the infant's breathing pattern and provide inaccurate results. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect methods for counting an infant's respirations. By observing the movement of the abdomen, healthcare providers can accurately assess an infant's respiratory rate without influencing their breathing pattern.
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The nurse is assessing an 8-year-old child whose growth rate measures below the third percentile for
a child his age. He appears significantly younger than his stated age and is chubby with infantile
facial features. Which condition does this child likely have?
- A. Acromegaly
- B. Marfan syndrome
- C. Hypopituitary dwarfism
- D. Achondroplastic dwarfism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypopituitary dwarfism is caused by a deficiency in growth hormone in childhood and results in a
retardation of growth below the third percentile, delayed puberty, and other problems. The child's
appearance fits this description. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a genetic disorder resulting in
characteristic deformities; Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized
by a tall, thin stature and other features. Acromegaly is the result of excessive secretion of growth
hormone in adulthood which causes overgrowth of bone in the face, head, hands, and feet.
The nurse is assessing an 80-year-old male patient. Which assessment finding would be considered normal?
- A. Decrease in body weight from his younger years
- B. Decrease in deposits of fat in the cheeks and forearms
- C. Presence of kyphosis and flexion in bilateral knees and hips
- D. Change in overall body proportion, including a longer trunk and shorter extremities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In an 80-year-old male patient, the presence of kyphosis (rounded upper back) and flexion in bilateral knees and hips are considered normal age-related changes. These postural changes are commonly seen in older adults due to structural changes in the spine and joints. Option A is incorrect as aging individuals typically experience a decrease in body weight, not an increase. Option B is also incorrect as there is usually a decrease in subcutaneous fat from the face and periphery, rather than an increase in fat deposits in specific areas. Option D is incorrect because the change in overall body proportion with aging usually involves a shorter trunk and relatively longer extremities, not the other way around. This is because long bones do not shorten with age, leading to this characteristic change in body proportions.
Your patient ate an 8-ounce cup of Italian ice. How much will you record on the patient's Intake and Output form in terms of this patient's fluid intake?
- A. 240 cc
- B. 120 cc
- C. 8 cc
- D. 0 cc because Italian ice is not a fluid
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 240 cc. Italian ice is considered a fluid, so you would record the intake of 240 cc. Choice B (120 cc) and Choice C (8 cc) are incorrect as they do not reflect the correct amount of fluid intake from an 8-ounce cup of Italian ice. Choice D (0 cc) is incorrect because Italian ice does count as a fluid intake and should be recorded as such.
The patient with migraine headaches has a seizure. After the seizure, which action can you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Document the seizure
- B. Perform neurologic checks
- C. Take the patient's vital signs
- D. Restrain the patient for protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a patient with migraine headaches has a seizure, it is important to assess their vital signs to monitor their condition. This task can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant as it falls within their scope of practice. Documenting the seizure and performing neurologic checks require a higher level of training and should be done by a nurse or healthcare provider. Restraint should never be used as a first-line intervention after a seizure unless there is an immediate threat to the patient's safety, and it should be done following proper protocols and with appropriate training.
A patient's blood pressure is 118/82 mm Hg. The patient asks the nurse, "What do the numbers mean?"? Which is the best reply by the nurse?
- A. "The numbers are within the normal range and are nothing to worry about."?
- B. "The bottom number is the diastolic pressure and reflects the pressure in the arteries when the heart relaxes."?
- C. "The top number is the systolic blood pressure and reflects the pressure of the blood against the arteries when the heart contracts."?
- D. "The concept of blood pressure can be complex. The primary thing to be concerned about is the top number, or the systolic blood pressure."?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The systolic pressure is the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction, or systole. The diastolic pressure is the elastic recoil, or resting, pressure that the blood constantly exerts in between each contraction. The nurse should answer the patient's question in terms they can understand and not just say it is normal and there is nothing to worry about. The diastolic pressure is the pressure in the vessels when the heart is at rest, not the stroke volume. Both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure are important. Choice A is incorrect as providing a vague reassurance does not address the patient's query. Choice B is incorrect as it inaccurately describes the diastolic pressure as reflecting stroke volume, which is incorrect. Choice D is incorrect as it oversimplifies the explanation, focusing solely on the top number without providing a complete understanding of blood pressure.