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When counting an infant's respirations, which technique is correct?
- A. Watching the chest rise and fall
- B. Observing the movement of the abdomen
- C. Placing a hand across the infant's chest
- D. Using a stethoscope to listen to the breath sounds
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct technique for counting an infant's respirations is to observe the movement of the abdomen. Infants typically have more diaphragmatic breathing than thoracic, so watching the abdomen provides a more accurate count. Placing a hand on the chest or listening with a stethoscope can alter the infant's breathing pattern and provide inaccurate results. Therefore, options A, C, and D are incorrect methods for counting an infant's respirations. By observing the movement of the abdomen, healthcare providers can accurately assess an infant's respiratory rate without influencing their breathing pattern.
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The nurse is assessing children in a pediatric clinic. Which statement is true regarding the
measurement of blood pressure in children?
- A. Blood pressure guidelines for children are based on age.
- B. Phase II Korotkoff sounds are the best indicator of systolic blood pressure in
children. - C. Using a Doppler device is recommended for accurate blood pressure measurements
until adolescence.
- D. The disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic
reading in children.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The disappearance of phase V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children, as
well as in adults. Blood pressure guidelines for children are based on more than just age, but also sex
and height. Phase I Korotkoff, not Phase II, is the best indicator of systolic blood pressure. The true
statement regarding the measurement of blood pressure in children is that the disappearance of phase
V Korotkoff sounds can be used for the diastolic reading in children, as well as in adults.
In which of these patients would rectal temperatures be measured?
- A. Older adult
- B. Critically ill patient
- C. School-age child
- D. Patient receiving oxygen via nasal cannula
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal temperature measurement is preferred in situations where other routes are impractical or when the most accurate measure is necessary, such as in critically ill patients. The rectal route may be chosen due to its reliability in such cases. For older adults, school-age children, and patients receiving oxygen via nasal cannula, rectal temperature measurement is not typically indicated. Other routes like oral, tympanic, or axillary measurements are more commonly used in these populations due to comfort, convenience, and non-invasive nature.
When measuring the vital signs of a 6-month-old infant, which action by the nurse is correct?
- A. Respirations are measured first, followed by pulse and temperature.
- B. Vital signs should be measured as frequently as in an adult.
- C. Procedures are explained to the parent, and the infant is encouraged to handle the equipment.
- D. The nurse should first measure the infant's vital signs before performing a physical examination.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When assessing vital signs in a 6-month-old infant, the correct order is to measure respirations first, followed by pulse and temperature. This sequence is important to avoid potential alterations in respiratory and pulse rates caused by factors like crying or discomfort. Measuring the temperature first, especially rectally, may lead to an increase in respiratory and pulse rates, which can skew the results. It is crucial to follow this specific order to obtain accurate baseline values. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B is incorrect as the frequency of measuring vital signs in infants differs based on individual needs rather than being consistently more frequent than in adults. Option C is not directly related to the correct sequence for measuring vital signs in infants. Option D is incorrect because the physical examination typically follows the assessment of vital signs in clinical practice.
The healthcare professional is preparing to measure the length, weight, chest, and head circumference of a 6-month-old infant. Which measurement technique is correct?
- A. Measuring the infant's length using a tape measure
- B. Weighing the infant on an electronic standing scale
- C. Measuring the chest circumference at the nipple line with a tape measure
- D. Measuring the head circumference by wrapping the tape measure around the head
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: For accurate measurements, specific techniques are required for different parameters in infants. Measuring the chest circumference involves encircling the chest at the nipple line. Length should be measured on a horizontal measuring board. Weight should be measured using a platform-type balance scale. Head circumference measurement entails ensuring the tape is aligned at the eyebrows and prominent frontal and occipital bones for the widest span. Therefore, the correct technique for measuring the chest circumference is at the nipple line with a tape measure. The other options are incorrect because length should be measured on a horizontal board, weight should be measured on a balance scale, and head circumference should be measured around the head, not over the nose and cheekbones.
The nurse is assessing an 8-year-old child whose growth rate measures below the third percentile for
a child his age. He appears significantly younger than his stated age and is chubby with infantile
facial features. Which condition does this child likely have?
- A. Acromegaly
- B. Marfan syndrome
- C. Hypopituitary dwarfism
- D. Achondroplastic dwarfism
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypopituitary dwarfism is caused by a deficiency in growth hormone in childhood and results in a
retardation of growth below the third percentile, delayed puberty, and other problems. The child's
appearance fits this description. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a genetic disorder resulting in
characteristic deformities; Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized
by a tall, thin stature and other features. Acromegaly is the result of excessive secretion of growth
hormone in adulthood which causes overgrowth of bone in the face, head, hands, and feet.