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When creating a program to decrease the primary cause of disability and death in children, which of the following is most effective for the community health nurse to do?
- A. Encourage state legislators to draft legislation to promote prenatal care.
- B. Recommend that the health department make immunizations available at no cost to all children.
- C. Teach health and safety practices to children and their parents.
- D. Have a nurse practitioner hired for each of the schools in the community.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Free immunizations address the leading cause of preventable childhood disability and death by ensuring widespread protection against infectious diseases.
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A client with metastatic cancer of the liver is concerned about his progress. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate?
- A. Provide information for the client to consider a liver transplantation.
- B. Assure the client that the prescribed medications will shrink all tumor sites.
- C. Explain the effects of chemotherapy.
- D. Place emphasis on providing symptomatic and comfort measures.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: For metastatic liver cancer, palliative care focusing on symptom relief and comfort is most appropriate, as transplantation or tumor shrinkage may not be feasible.
A client with a history of type 2 diabetes is prescribed insulin glargine (Lantus). The nurse should instruct the client to:
- A. Take the insulin at bedtime.
- B. Mix the insulin with short-acting insulin.
- C. Take the insulin with meals.
- D. Stop the insulin if blood glucose normalizes.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin glargine, a long-acting insulin, is typically taken at bedtime for basal coverage.
The nurse is caring for a client who has just undergone a thyroidectomy. Which of the following complications should the nurse monitor for in the immediate postoperative period?
- A. Hypocalcemia.
- B. Hyperglycemia.
- C. Hypertension.
- D. Weight loss.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hypocalcemia is a potential complication post-thyroidectomy due to accidental removal or damage to the parathyroid glands.
Which sign/symptom is an indication that the client experiencing postoperative blood loss is anemic?
- A. Fatigue
- B. Dyspnea
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Muscle cramps
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The client with anemia is likely to report fatigue caused by deficient hemoglobin leading to a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and ability to meet tissue oxygen demands. The respiratory rate can increase to improve oxygenation; some shortness of breath can occur but dyspnea related to anemia is uncommon. The client is more likely to have tachycardia than bradycardia, because the heart beats faster to deliver the same amount of oxygen to tissues in compensation for less oxygen in the blood. Muscle cramps are an unrelated finding.
The nurse teaches the mother of a toddler who has had cleft palate repair that her child is at risk for developing which of the following in the future?
- A. Hearing problems.
- B. Speech defect.
- C. Chronic sinus infections.
- D. Tonsillitis.
Correct Answer: A, B
Rationale: Cleft palate repair increases the risk of hearing problems (due to Eustachian tube dysfunction) and speech defects.