Nokea
When describing opioid analgesics to a group of nursing students, the instructor would expect to include which classifications?
- A. An agonist
- B. A partial agonist
- C. A partial antagonist
- D. An antagonist
- E. An agonist-antagonist
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: An opioid analgesic may be classified as an agonist, partial agonist, and agonist-antagonist.
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A nurse is assessing a client receiving an opioid as treatment for diarrhea. The nurse would notify the primary health care provider immediately if which of the following occur?
- A. Constipation
- B. Blood noted in the stool
- C. Worsening of diarrhea
- D. Report of severe abdominal pain
- E. Diarrhea unrelieved
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E
Rationale: A nurse monitoring a client taking an opioid for diarrhea should notify the physician immediately if diarrhea is not relieved or becomes worse, if the client has severe abdominal pain, or if blood in the stool is noted.
A nurse is caring for a newborn. The newborn's mother is suspected to be opioid dependent. When assessing the newborn, which of the following would alert nurse to the possibility of withdrawal?
- A. Jaundice
- B. Increased respiratory rate
- C. Decreased respiratory rate
- D. Sneezing
- E. Fever
Correct Answer: B,D,E
Rationale: Opiate withdrawal symptoms in a newborn usually appear during the first few days of life and include irritability, excessive crying, yawning, sneezing, increased respiratory rate, tremors, fever, vomiting, and diarrhea.
A nurse is administering an opioid analgesic to a client with severe chronic pain. The nurse understands that the rate of tolerance to an opioid analgesics effects varies from client to client. The nurse identifies which of the following as affecting the rate at which tolerance develops?
- A. Body weight
- B. Gender
- C. Dosage
- D. Route of administration
- E. Age
Correct Answer: C,D
Rationale: The rate at which tolerance to an opioid analgesic develops varies according to dosage, the route of administration, and the individual.
A nurse would expect to administer opioid analgesics primarily for the client with which of the following?
- A. Severe acute pain
- B. Mild acute pain
- C. Moderate chronic pain
- D. Mild chronic pain
- E. Opioid dependence
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: Opioid analgesics are used primarily for the treatment of moderate to severe acute pain and chronic pain and in the treatment and management of opiate dependence.
A nurse should be aware of contraindications to the use of opioids to help decrease the likelihood of adverse reactions. The nurse understands that opioids would be contraindicated in which client?
- A. A client with acute bronchial asthma
- B. A client with an acute myocardial infarction
- C. A client with a head injury
- D. A client with grand mal seizures
- E. A client with mild renal impairment
Correct Answer: A,C,D
Rationale: The use of opioids is contraindicated in clients with acute bronchial asthma, emphysema, upper airway obstruction, head injury, increased intracranial pressure, convulsive disorders, severe renal or hepatic dysfunction, and acute ulcerative colitis.