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When describing the relapse cycle to a group of families of clients experiencing co-occurring disorders, which of the following would the nurse identify as occurring first?
- A. Hospitalization
- B. Decompensation
- C. Stabilization
- D. Discharge
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decompensation. In the relapse cycle of co-occurring disorders, decompensation typically occurs first. Decompensation refers to a deterioration in mental health symptoms or functioning. This phase often precedes hospitalization, stabilization, and discharge. It signifies a worsening of symptoms and coping mechanisms, leading to a need for increased support and intervention. Hospitalization (choice A), stabilization (choice C), and discharge (choice D) usually occur after decompensation as steps in the treatment process to address the relapse.
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The nurse has instructed a client with panic disorder about how to use the technique of positive self-talk. The nurse determines that the client has understood the instructions when the client verbalizes which statement to use during an impending panic attack?
- A. I am feeling very nervous right now.
- B. I can handle this anxiety; it will be over shortly.
- C. I am taking medication to eliminate these symptoms.
- D. Relax your muscles, relax your muscles.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I can handle this anxiety; it will be over shortly." This statement reflects positive self-talk by acknowledging the anxiety but also affirming the client's ability to cope and that the situation is temporary. This empowers the client to manage the panic attack effectively.
Incorrect Choices:
A: "I am feeling very nervous right now." This choice focuses only on acknowledging the feeling without providing a positive coping strategy.
C: "I am taking medication to eliminate these symptoms." This choice relies solely on medication and does not address the client's ability to cope with the panic attack.
D: "Relax your muscles, relax your muscles." This choice provides a relaxation technique but lacks the empowering and affirming aspect of positive self-talk.
Johnny is twelve-year-old boy who has had an increase in aggressive behaviors, picking fights with other students at his school. Johnny's mother calls his doctor's office to ask if there is medication to help decrease these behaviors. After gathering more information about the recent increase in Johnny's outbursts, what is the best response from the nurse?
- A. Allow more freedom at home as that may be adding to his outbursts.'
- B. Medication may not be indicated right away; there are other options.'
- C. Tell Johnny that his behavior is unacceptable.'
- D. Allow Johnny to skip school if he is having a difficult time being there.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Medication may not be indicated right away; there are other options.
Rationale:
1. Medication should not be the first line of intervention for behavior issues in children.
2. It is important to explore other options such as therapy, counseling, behavior modification techniques.
3. Understanding the root cause of Johnny's behavior is crucial before considering medication.
4. Rushing into medication without exploring other avenues may not address the underlying issues.
Summary:
A: Allowing more freedom at home could potentially worsen Johnny's behavior by reinforcing the negative actions.
C: Telling Johnny his behavior is unacceptable without addressing the underlying cause may not effectively reduce his aggression.
D: Allowing Johnny to skip school is not a solution; addressing the behavior and providing appropriate support is essential.
Taylor, a psychiatric registered nurse, orients Regina, a patient with anorexia nervosa, to the room where she will be assigned during her stay. After getting Regina settled, the nurse informs Regina:
- A. I need to go through the belongings you have brought with you.
- B. You can use the scale in the back room when you need to.
- C. You will be eating five times a day here.
- D. The daily structure is based around your desire to eat.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because as a psychiatric nurse, it is important to ensure the safety of the patient, especially those with anorexia nervosa who may have harmful items in their belongings. Going through the patient's belongings allows the nurse to assess and remove any potential risks. This action aligns with the duty of care and ensures the patient's well-being.
Choice B is incorrect because using a scale can trigger anxiety and reinforce unhealthy behaviors related to weight monitoring in patients with anorexia nervosa. Choice C is incorrect as stating a specific number of meals may not be suitable for every individual and could create unnecessary pressure on the patient. Choice D is incorrect because the structure of care should be based on evidence-based practices and clinical guidelines, not solely on the patient’s desire to eat.
The nurse is counseling a parent whose child has a communication disorder. Which of the following would the nurse emphasize when teaching the parent about this disorder?
- A. Providing the child with nonverbal activities
- B. Initiating conversations with the child frequently
- C. Stopping the child's conversation if stuttering begins
- D. Asking the physician for medication to improve the child's speech
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Initiating conversations with the child frequently. This is important as it helps the child practice communication skills and improves their confidence. By engaging in regular conversations, the child gets more opportunities to develop their speech and language abilities. Option A is incorrect as solely focusing on nonverbal activities may neglect the child's speech development. Option C is incorrect as stopping the child's conversation when stuttering begins can lead to frustration and hinder progress. Option D is incorrect as medication is not typically the primary treatment for communication disorders in children.
The nurse is assessing a child's cognitive ability to think logically. The nurse asks the child to count backward from 10 to 0, and the child complies. What cognitive stage is this child in?
- A. sensorimotor
- B. formal operational
- C. concrete operational
- D. preoperational
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The child counting backward from 10 to 0 demonstrates conservation of numbers and reversibility, characteristics of the concrete operational stage. In this stage, children can engage in logical thought processes, manipulate information mentally, and understand conservation. This ability is typically developed around ages 7 to 11.
A: Sensorimotor stage focuses on sensory experiences and object permanence, typically occurring from birth to age 2.
B: Formal operational stage involves abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning, usually from age 12 and beyond.
D: Preoperational stage includes egocentrism and lack of conservation, typical for children aged 2 to 7.
Therefore, the child counting backward is in the concrete operational stage due to their ability to think logically and understand conservation.