Nokea
When determining drug treatment, the NP prescriber should:
- A. Always use evidence-based guidelines
- B. Individualize the drug choice for the specific patient
- C. Rely on his or her experience when prescribing for complex patients
- D. Use the newest drug on the market for the condition being treated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because tailoring treatment to the patient's unique factors—age, comorbidities, preferences—optimizes efficacy and safety. Choice A is incorrect as guidelines inform but don't dictate every case. Choice C is wrong because experience alone may lack evidence support. Choice D is incorrect since newest drugs aren't always best—evidence and patient fit matter more.
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The parent of a 3-year-old is concerned that the child's legs are not straight. The primary care NP notes marked bowing of the child's lower extremities. Radiologic studies show decreased ossification of the child's bones. The NP should:
- A. prescribe vitamin D supplements.
- B. recommend calcium supplements.
- C. counsel the parent to increase the child's milk intake.
- D. ensure that the parent is buying vitamin D-fortified milk.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vitamin D deficiency causes rickets, leading to bowing legs, corrected with supplements. Choice B is incorrect (calcium needs vitamin D). Choice C is wrong (milk alone insufficient). Choice D is inaccurate (fortified milk not enough).
Drugs that should be avoided in transgender men receiving testosterone therapy include:
- A. Estrogen
- B. Alpha blockers
- C. Beta blockers
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Choice A is correct because estrogen counteracts testosterone's masculinizing effects in transgender men, conflicting with therapy aims, so it's avoided. Choice B is incorrect as alpha blockers don't interfere with testosterone goals. Choice C is wrong because beta blockers are unrelated to therapy effects. Choice D is incorrect since only estrogen applies.
An adolescent girl has decided to become a vegetarian. The primary care NP should counsel her about iron intake and considering a vitamin containing:
- A. zinc.
- B. vitamin A.
- C. vitamin C.
- D. potassium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because vegetarians often lack zinc, critical alongside iron. Choice B is incorrect (vitamin A not primary). Choice C is wrong (vitamin C aids iron, not primary). Choice D is inaccurate (potassium unrelated).
When determining drug treatment, the NP prescriber should:
- A. Always use evidence-based guidelines
- B. Individualize the drug choice for the specific patient
- C. Rely on his or her experience when prescribing for complex patients
- D. Use the newest drug on the market for the condition being treated
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because tailoring treatment to the patient's unique factors—age, comorbidities, preferences—optimizes efficacy and safety. Choice A is incorrect as guidelines inform but don't dictate every case. Choice C is wrong because experience alone may lack evidence support. Choice D is incorrect since newest drugs aren't always best—evidence and patient fit matter more.
Strategies to monitor controlled substance use include:
- A. Prescription drug monitoring programs
- B. Patient education
- C. Urine drug screening
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Choice D is correct because PDMPs track prescriptions, education informs risks, and urine screening detects misuse—all key monitoring tools per guidelines. Choice A is incorrect alone as it's one method. Choice B is wrong by itself because education is just part. Choice C is incorrect solo since screening is only one approach.