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When diet is affected by cultural factors, which in turn significantly impact a patient's health care, which of the following approaches is appropriate?
- A. Recommend immediate cessation of the usual diet and provide a list of prohibited foods
- B. Allow the patient to continue his/her usual diet and adjust medications accordingly
- C. Discuss the underlying cultural factors related to the usual diet and explore options within that paradigm that might be better suited to the patient's health
- D. Suggest that the patient instead see a physician who shares his/her cultural background
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Discussing cultural factors and options respects traditions while promoting health.
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Which treatment approach is most appropriate for a patient with antisocial tendencies who has been treated several times for substance addiction but has relapsed?
- A. One-week detoxification program
- B. Long-term outpatient therapy
- C. Twelve-step self-help program
- D. Residential program
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Residential program. This option is most appropriate because a residential program provides a highly structured environment with 24/7 support and supervision, which is crucial for individuals with antisocial tendencies and a history of relapse. This intensive setting helps address the complex needs of the patient, including addiction and behavioral issues. On the other hand, A (One-week detox program) is too short and does not address the underlying issues. B (Long-term outpatient therapy) may not provide sufficient support and monitoring for someone with a high risk of relapse. C (Twelve-step self-help program) can be beneficial but may not offer the level of supervision and intensive treatment needed for this patient.
Which nursing activity demonstrates the role of a professional psychiatric nurse as identified by Hildegard Peplau?
- A. Managing the milieu
- B. Caring for the client's physiological needs
- C. Providing counseling
- D. Documenting client behaviors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Providing counseling. Peplau, a renowned nursing theorist, emphasized the importance of the nurse-client relationship and therapeutic communication in psychiatric nursing. Counseling is a fundamental aspect of the nurse's role in helping clients explore thoughts, emotions, and behaviors to promote healing and growth. It allows for a deeper understanding of the client's needs and facilitates positive change. Managing the milieu (A) focuses on the physical environment, not the therapeutic relationship. Caring for physiological needs (B) is important but does not capture the essence of Peplau's theory. Documenting client behaviors (D) is crucial for monitoring progress but does not directly align with Peplau's emphasis on therapeutic communication.
Joe, a Native American, goes to the emergency department (ED) because he has an oozing stasis ulcer on his leg. He is accompanied by the tribal shaman, who has been treating Joe on the reservation. As greeting, the physician extends his hand to the shaman, who lightly touches the physician's hand, then quickly moves away. How should the physician interpret this gesture?
- A. The shaman is snubbing the physician.
- B. The shaman is angry at Joe for wanting to go to the ED.
- C. The shaman does not believe in traditional medicine.
- D. The shaman does not feel comfortable with touch.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The shaman's brief touch and quick withdrawal likely reflect cultural discomfort or unfamiliarity with physical touch, common in some Native American cultures, aligning with option d.
It has been estimated that 20%, or 45 million, adults ages 18 or older in the United States have experienced a mental illness in the past year. Which nursing intervention is directed toward addressing the greatest barrier to successful treatment outcomes for these individuals?
- A. Educating clients as to the importance of completing their treatment recommendations
- B. Identifying resources where medications can be secured at reduced or no cost
- C. Actively involving the client in the planning of his or her mental health care
- D. Evaluating the client for compliance with his or her plan of care frequently
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Educating clients as to the importance of completing their treatment recommendations. This intervention is crucial because lack of understanding about the importance of completing treatment can lead to non-compliance, which is a significant barrier to successful treatment outcomes. By educating clients, nurses can empower them to take ownership of their health and adhere to their treatment plans.
Choice B is incorrect because while identifying resources for medications is important, it may not address the underlying issue of non-compliance. Choice C, involving the client in planning care, is important but may not directly address non-compliance. Choice D, evaluating compliance frequently, is necessary but does not address the root cause of non-compliance. Therefore, the most effective intervention is to educate clients about the importance of completing their treatment recommendations.
Which of the following actions demonstrates that the nurse has an understanding of the impact that continued advancements in psychopharmacology has on both client outcomes and professional psychiatric nursing practice?
- A. Working towards achieving advanced practice nursing credentials in psychiatric nursing
- B. Stressing the importance of medication therapy compliance with each client upon discharge
- C. Participating in interdisciplinary treatment teams as a means of staying current regarding the latest clinical treatments and guidelines
- D. Accessing information on the best evidence-based practices regarding the psychopharmacology medications being prescribed to his or her clients
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for why Answer D is correct:
1. Accessing information on evidence-based practices shows the nurse's commitment to staying informed about psychopharmacology advancements.
2. Being knowledgeable about medications helps in making informed decisions for client care, ultimately leading to better outcomes.
3. Understanding evidence-based practices enhances the nurse's ability to provide safe and effective medication management.
4. By accessing information on best practices, the nurse demonstrates a proactive approach to enhancing professional psychiatric nursing practice.
Summary:
Answer D is correct because it directly addresses the impact of advancements in psychopharmacology on client outcomes and professional psychiatric nursing practice by emphasizing the importance of staying informed and using evidence-based practices. Other choices do not specifically highlight the nurse's understanding of the impact of psychopharmacology advancements.