Nokea
When evaluating a client's fluid intake and output record, how should fluid intake and urine output relate?
- A. Fluid intake should double the urine output
- B. Fluid intake should be approximately equal to the urine output
- C. Fluid intake should be half the urine output
- D. Fluid intake should be inversely proportional to the urine output
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In assessing a client's fluid intake and output record, it is essential for fluid intake to be approximately equal to the urine output. This balance indicates proper hydration and renal function. Deviations from this balance could signify potential issues that need further investigation and management.
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A child of 3 years has been admitted to your pediatric ward. The doctor gave a provisional diagnosis of respiratory tract infection. After careful assessment and history, he gave a final diagnosis of lower respiratory infection. Which of the following signs will confirm the diagnosis?
- A. Cough
- B. Fever
- C. Inability to lie supine
- D. Inability to eat
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a specific sign of lower respiratory infection. This condition can cause discomfort or difficulty in breathing when lying flat, leading to a preference for an upright or semi-upright position. While cough and fever are common symptoms of respiratory infections, the inability to lie supine is more indicative of lower respiratory involvement.
When managing Akosua Adepa, an eight-year-old diagnosed with Asthma, the nurse will consider the following as complications EXCEPT:
- A. Cor pulmonale
- B. Respiratory arrest
- C. Respiratory distress
- D. Respiratory failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When managing a pediatric patient with asthma, the nurse needs to be vigilant about potential complications. While cor pulmonale, respiratory arrest, and respiratory failure are known complications of asthma, respiratory distress is not typically considered a direct complication. Respiratory distress is more of a symptom or a sign of worsening asthma, indicating the need for immediate intervention to prevent progression to more severe complications.
In the pediatric ward at Nyamebekyere teaching hospital, when should oxygen be applied to children?
- A. Central cyanosis
- B. Respiratory rate >70 breaths per minute
- C. Grunting noted on assessment
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All the listed conditions, central cyanosis, respiratory rate >70 breaths per minute, and grunting on assessment, are indicative of the need for oxygen therapy. Central cyanosis suggests severe hypoxemia, a respiratory rate >70 breaths per minute can indicate respiratory distress, and grunting is a sign of increased work of breathing. Administering oxygen in these situations can help improve oxygenation and support the child's respiratory function, making option D the correct choice.
Serwaa, a 26-year-old mother, has brought her daughter to the OPD with signs of lower respiratory tract infection. Which of the following diagnoses is NOT typically associated with lower respiratory tract infections for her daughter?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Asthma
- C. Bronchiolitis
- D. Coryza
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Coryza, also known as the common cold, is a viral infection that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract and is not typically associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pneumonia, asthma, and bronchiolitis are conditions that commonly affect the lower respiratory tract, causing symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and chest pain.
A toddler is admitted to the hospital because of sudden hoarseness, holding or pointing to their neck, and continuous cough. The nurse will be particularly concerned about:
- A. Acute respiratory tract infection
- B. Respiratory tract obstruction caused by a foreign body
- C. Retropharyngeal abscess
- D. Undetected laryngeal abnormality
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a toddler presenting with sudden hoarseness, holding or pointing to their neck, and continuous cough, the nurse should be particularly concerned about respiratory tract obstruction caused by a foreign body. These symptoms are indicative of a possible foreign body in the airway, which can lead to serious complications and requires immediate attention to ensure the toddler's airway remains patent and unobstructed.