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When evaluating the temperature of older adults, what aspect should the healthcare provider remember about an older adult's body temperature?
- A. The body temperature of the older adult is lower than that of a younger adult.
- B. An older adult's body temperature is approximately the same as that of a young child.
- C. Body temperature varies based on the type of thermometer used.
- D. In older adults, body temperature can fluctuate widely due to less effective heat control mechanisms.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When evaluating the temperature of older adults, it is important to note that their body temperature is usually lower than that of younger adults, with a mean temperature of 36.2°C. Choice B is incorrect because an older adult's body temperature is not approximately the same as that of a young child. Choice C is incorrect because body temperature is a physiological parameter and does not vary based on the type of thermometer used. Choice D is incorrect because while older adults may have less effective heat control mechanisms, their body temperature is typically lower, not widely fluctuating.
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A patient in a clinic has been diagnosed with hepatitis A. What is the most likely route of transmission?
- A. Sexual contact with an infected partner
- B. Contaminated food
- C. Blood transfusion
- D. Illegal drug use
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is contaminated food. Hepatitis A is primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. It is caused by the Hepatitis A virus (HAV), which is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus. Sexual contact with an infected partner is more commonly associated with hepatitis B and C. Blood transfusion is a potential route for hepatitis B and C transmission due to bloodborne pathogens. Illegal drug use, particularly involving shared needles, is a common route for hepatitis C transmission.
Your patient had a stroke, or CVA, five years ago. The resident still has right-sided weakness. You are ready to transfer the resident from the bed to the wheelchair. The wheelchair should be positioned at the _____________.
- A. head of the bed on the patient's right side
- B. head of the bed on the patient's left side
- C. bottom of the bed on the patient's right side
- D. bottom of the bed on the patient's left side
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The wheelchair should be positioned at the head of the bed on the resident's left side. This positioning allows the resident to use their stronger left side to assist with the transfer, compensating for the right-sided weakness. Placing the wheelchair at the head of the bed on the patient's right side (Choice A) would not utilize the stronger left side, which is crucial for the transfer. Similarly, positioning the wheelchair at the bottom of the bed on either side (Choices C and D) would not facilitate optimal assistance from the resident's stronger side during the transfer process.
The patient with migraine headaches has a seizure. After the seizure, which action can you delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Document the seizure
- B. Perform neurologic checks
- C. Take the patient's vital signs
- D. Restrain the patient for protection
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: After a patient with migraine headaches has a seizure, it is important to assess their vital signs to monitor their condition. This task can be safely delegated to a nursing assistant as it falls within their scope of practice. Documenting the seizure and performing neurologic checks require a higher level of training and should be done by a nurse or healthcare provider. Restraint should never be used as a first-line intervention after a seizure unless there is an immediate threat to the patient's safety, and it should be done following proper protocols and with appropriate training.
A student is late for an appointment and has rushed across campus to the health clinic. How should the nurse proceed?
- A. Allow 5 minutes for the student to relax and rest before checking their vital signs.
- B. Check the blood pressure in both arms, expecting a difference in the readings due to the recent exercise.
- C. Immediately monitor the student's vital signs upon arrival at the clinic and then 5 minutes later, recording any differences.
- D. Check the student's blood pressure in the supine position to provide a more accurate reading and allow the student to relax at the same time.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: To ensure an accurate blood pressure reading, it is important for the student to be in a relaxed state. Allowing at least a 5-minute rest period helps reduce anxiety and provides a valid blood pressure measurement. Checking the blood pressure in both arms is unnecessary unless there is a specific reason to suspect an issue, and recent exercise should not significantly impact the readings. Monitoring vital signs immediately upon arrival may not yield accurate results due to the rush and anxiety of the student. Checking blood pressure in the supine position is not necessary in this scenario and does not provide a more accurate reading.
During an examination, the nurse notices that a female patient has a round "moon"? face, central trunk obesity, and a cervical hump. Her skin is fragile with bruises. The nurse determines that the patient likely has which condition?
- A. Gigantism
- B. Acromegaly
- C. Cushing syndrome
- D. Marfan syndrome
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cushing syndrome is characterized by weight gain and edema with central trunk and cervical obesity (buffalo hump) and a round, plethoric face (moon face). Excessive catabolism in Cushing syndrome causes muscle wasting, weakness, thin arms and legs, reduced height, and thin, fragile skin with purple abdominal striae, bruising, and acne. Gigantism is characterized by increased height and weight and delayed sexual development, which are not present in the patient. Acromegaly results from excessive growth hormone secretion in adulthood, leading to bone overgrowth in specific areas like the face, head, hands, and feet. Marfan syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by a tall, thin stature and distinct features not seen in this patient. The combination of signs described in the question aligns with the clinical presentation of Cushing syndrome.