Nokea
When explaining dietary guidelines to a client with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN), which instruction should the nurse include in the dietary teaching?
- A. Restrict sodium intake
- B. Encourage high-protein foods.
- C. Increase potassium intake.
- D. Decrease fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sodium restriction helps manage fluid retention and hypertension, which are common in AGN.
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Which finding might delay a cardiac catheterization procedure on a 1-year-old?
- A. 30th percentile for weight
- B. Severe diaper rash
- C. Allergy to soy
- D. Oxygen saturation of 91% on room air
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A severe diaper rash may indicate potential infection, which is a contraindication for the standard groin approach during catheterization.
What are FOUR possible differential diagnoses associated with aortopathy in a child, aside from Marfan’s?
- A. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vascular type IV)
- B. Bicuspid aortic valve
- C. Takayasu Arteritis
- D. Unrepaired coarctation of the aorta
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: These are potential differential diagnoses associated with aortopathy in children, aside from Marfan’s syndrome, which is a common condition linked to aortic dilation.
Which of the following skills would be expected of a 7-month-old infant but not of a 5-month-old infant?
- A. Crawls
- B. Smiles socially
- C. Controls bowel and bladder
- D. Sits unsupported
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A 7-month-old can typically sit unsupported, while a 5-month-old cannot. Crawling and social smiling develop earlier, and bowel control is not expected at this age.
Emergency management of acute asthma includes:
- A. Arterial blood gas
- B. Nebulised steroids
- C. Intravenous theophylline
- D. Nebulised ~-antagonists
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nebulised beta-antagonists are a key part of the emergency management of acute asthma. Arterial blood gas, nebulised steroids, and intravenous theophylline are also used but are not the first line.
Early features of heart failure in infancy include:
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Oedema
- C. Tachypnoea
- D. Hepatomegaly
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tachypnoea is an early indicator of heart failure in infants, as the body tries to compensate for reduced oxygenation by increasing the respiratory rate.