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When explaining the concept of transcultural nursing to uninitiated nurses, how should the team members describe it?
- A. Transcultural nursing is the comparative analysis of the health benefits and risks of recognizable ethnic groups.
- B. Transcultural nursing refers to research-focused practice that focuses on patient-centered, culturally competent nursing.
- C. Transcultural nursing refers to a systematic and evidence-based effort to improve health outcomes in patients born outside the United States.
- D. Transcultural nursing is a term used to describe interventions that seek to address language barriers in nursing practice.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Transcultural nursing, a term sometimes used interchangeably with cross-cultural, intercultural, or multicultural nursing, refers to research-focused practice that focuses on patient-centered, culturally competent nursing. It is not limited to language barriers and foreign-born patients. It does not focus solely on health risks and benefits in ethnic groups.
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When providing care for a patient who belongs to a Hispanic culture, which of the following may be considered inappropriate in a health care setting?
- A. Grandmothers helping in the care of pediatric patients.
- B. Patients asking questions of health care providers.
- C. Health care information being given to a female member of the family.
- D. Males participating in health care activities.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The meaning people associate with touching is culturally determined to a great degree. In some cultures (e.g., Hispanic, Arab), male health care providers may be prohibited from touching or examining certain parts of the female body. Similarly, it may be inappropriate for females to care for males. In the Hispanic culture, grandmothers often care for pediatric patients; the female of the family is often held responsible for the familys health care and health care information. Males of the Hispanic culture generally do not participate in health care activities when a member of their family is ill.
How can this goal be best accomplished?
- A. By offering multicultural health studies in nursing curricula
- B. By enhancing the content of community nursing classes
- C. By requiring students to care primarily for patients from other ethnic groups
- D. By screening applicants according to their cultural competence
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Nursing programs are exploring creative ways to promote cultural competence and humanistic care in nursing students, including offering multicultural health studies in their curricula. Enhancing the content of community nursing classes would not necessarily achieve this goal. Matching students to patients from other cultures is often impractical and applicants are not screened by their cultural competence.
How would you characterize the Hispanic people in this community?
- A. An underclass
- B. A subgroup
- C. A minority
- D. An exception
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The term minority refers to a group of people whose physical and cultural characteristics differ from the majority of people in a society. There are four generally identified minority groups: Blacks/African Americans, Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Native Americans. Such groups are not referred to as exceptions or underclasses. A subgroup is a division of a group that is in some way distinguished from the larger group.
When using this model in the care of a patient who has had a transurethral prostate resection (TUPR), what area of care would be influenced most directly?
- A. Transferring the patient from a stretcher to a bed
- B. Documenting the patients vital signs and level of consciousness
- C. Administering a scheduled dose of acetaminophen
- D. Explaining the rationale for continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Giger and Davidhizar identified communication, space, time orientation, social organization, environmental control, and biologic variations as relevant phenomena. Explaining CBI requires clear communication. Transferring a patient to a bed, administering Tylenol, or documenting are nursing responsibilities that are less directly relevant to this model.
Which of the following variables are known to underlie health disparities? Select all that apply.
- A. Poverty
- B. Isolated geographic location
- C. Overdependence on publicly funded facilities
- D. Male gender
- E. Allergy status
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: Many reasons are cited for these disparities, including low socioeconomic status, health behaviors, limited access to health care because of poverty or disability, environmental factors, and direct and indirect manifestations of discrimination. Other causes include lack of health insurance; overdependence on publicly funded facilities; and barriers to health care, such as insufficient transportation, geographic location (not enough providers in an area), cost of services, and the low numbers of minority health care providers. Male gender and a patients allergy status are not identified as contributors to health disparities.