When implementing a new policy on the unit, what process should a nurse manager follow?
- A. The nurse manager should involve staff members in the decision-making process, gather input, and communicate the reasons for the policy change to ensure buy-in from the team.
- B. The nurse manager should implement the policy change immediately and monitor staff compliance to ensure that the new policy is being followed.
- C. The nurse manager should delegate the implementation of the policy change to a staff member and provide support as needed to ensure that the change is successful.
- D. The nurse manager should communicate the policy change to staff members, provide training as needed, and monitor the implementation process to ensure that the change is effective.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When introducing a new policy on the unit, it is essential for the nurse manager to involve staff members in the decision-making process. This approach helps in gathering input and insights from the team, fostering a sense of ownership and commitment. By communicating the reasons behind the policy change, the nurse manager ensures transparency and promotes understanding among the staff, leading to buy-in and acceptance of the new policy. Choice B is incorrect because implementing a policy change without involving staff and explaining the rationale may lead to resistance or lack of understanding. Choice C is not ideal as delegation without active involvement and communication with the team may result in misunderstandings or incomplete implementation. Choice D lacks the crucial step of involving staff in the decision-making process, which is important for successful policy implementation and team engagement.
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A nurse is preparing to administer insulin to a client with DM. The nurse understands that the peak time for rapid-acting insulin, such as lispro (Humalog), is:
- A. 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration.
- B. 1 to 2 hours after administration.
- C. 2 to 4 hours after administration.
- D. 3 to 5 hours after administration.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration. Rapid-acting insulins like lispro, such as Humalog, peak quickly within 30 minutes to 1 hour after administration. This peak time is crucial to monitor for potential hypoglycemia, which is most likely to occur during this period. Choice B is incorrect as it suggests a longer peak time for rapid-acting insulin, which is inaccurate. Choices C and D are also incorrect because they indicate even longer peak times, which do not align with the rapid onset and peak action of lispro insulin.
Which of the following is true about effective leadership?
- A. Leadership traits can be learned through experience and reflection.
- B. Nurses can learn to become good leaders by acting as good leaders and reflecting on leadership qualities they have and those they can improve upon.
- C. Focus on leadership activities required for the day is essential for effective leadership.
- D. Taking advantage of every opportunity to be a leader is crucial, creating those opportunities as often as possible, especially after gaining experience as a nurse.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because nurses can develop effective leadership skills by actively engaging as good leaders and reflecting on their existing leadership qualities and areas for improvement. This process of self-assessment and continuous improvement is crucial in becoming a successful leader. Choice A is incorrect as leadership traits can be learned through experience and reflection rather than being impossible to acquire from a book. Choice C is incorrect as effective leadership involves focusing on long-term goals and strategies, not just daily activities. Choice D is incorrect because while seizing leadership opportunities is important, it should be done strategically and with a solid foundation of experience in nursing to ensure successful leadership outcomes.
A client with type 1 DM is experiencing signs of hypoglycemia. The nurse should expect which of the following symptoms?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Polyuria
- C. Flushed skin
- D. Dry mouth
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In a client experiencing hypoglycemia, tachycardia is a common symptom. This occurs due to the release of adrenaline in response to low blood glucose levels, which stimulates the heart to beat faster. Polyuria, the increased production of urine, flushed skin, and dry mouth are not typical symptoms of hypoglycemia. Polyuria is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes insipidus or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Flushed skin and dry mouth are not direct physiological responses to low blood sugar levels.
A healthcare professional is preparing to care for a client with a potassium deficit. The healthcare professional reviews the client's record and determines that the client was at risk for developing the potassium deficit because the client:
- A. Has renal failure.
- B. Requires nasogastric suction.
- C. Has a history of Addison's disease.
- D. Is taking a potassium-sparing diuretic.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Nasogastric suction can lead to significant potassium loss due to the continuous drainage of gastric contents, increasing the risk of a potassium deficit. Choices A, C, and D do not directly result in the significant loss of potassium. Renal failure may lead to potassium retention rather than a deficit. Addison's disease is associated with adrenal insufficiency, not potassium depletion. Potassium-sparing diuretics, as the name suggests, typically help retain potassium rather than cause a deficit.
What is the lowest fasting plasma glucose level suggestive of a diagnosis of DM?
- A. 90 mg/dl.
- B. 115 mg/dl.
- C. 126 mg/dl.
- D. 180 mg/dl.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dl or higher is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus. Choice A (90 mg/dl) is too low to indicate diabetes. Choice B (115 mg/dl) is also below the diagnostic threshold for diabetes. Choice D (180 mg/dl) is above the diagnostic threshold and would indicate uncontrolled diabetes, not the lowest level suggestive of a diagnosis.