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When instructing clients on how to decrease the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse should emphasize which of the following?
- A. Participate regularly in aerobic exercises.
- B. Maintain a high-protein diet.
- C. Avoid exposure to people with known respiratory infections.
- D. Abstain from cigarette smoking.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is the primary cause of COPD; abstaining is the most effective prevention. Exercise, diet, and avoiding infections are beneficial but secondary.
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Which of the following health promotion activities should the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan for a client with asthma?
- A. Incorporate physical exercise as tolerated into the daily routine.
- B. Monitor peak flow numbers after meals and at bedtime.
- C. Eliminate stressors in the work and home environment.
- D. Use sedatives to ensure uninterrupted sleep at night.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Regular exercise, as tolerated, improves lung function and overall health in asthma. Peak flow monitoring is typically done morning and evening. Eliminating all stressors is unrealistic. Sedatives may depress respiration and are not recommended.
A client with Buerger's disease has established a goal to stop smoking. Which medication would be the most helpful in attaining this goal?
- A. Zyban (Bupropion)
- B. Nicotine (Nicotrol)
- C. Nitroglycerin (Tridil)
- D. Ibuprofen (Advil)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Zyban (bupropion) is an antidepressant that reduces nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms, making it effective for smoking cessation in Buerger's disease. Nicotine replacement (Nicotrol) may help but continues nicotine exposure, nitroglycerin is for angina, and ibuprofen is irrelevant.
What is the nurse's best response to a client with MS experiencing fatigue?
- A. Limit all activities.
- B. Schedule rest periods.
- C. Increase fluid intake.
- D. Avoid all exercise.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scheduling rest periods helps manage fatigue while supporting activity in multiple sclerosis.
A 34-year-old female is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. The nurse should assess the client for which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Rapid pulse.
- B. Decreased energy and fatigue.
- C. Weight gain of 10 lb.
- D. Fine, thin hair with hair loss.
- E. Constipation.
- F. Monorrhagia.
Correct Answer: B,C,D,E,F
Rationale: Hypothyroidism slows metabolism, leading to decreased energy, fatigue, weight gain, hair loss, constipation, and heavy menstrual periods (menorrhagia). Rapid pulse is associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
A client with suspected gastric cancer undergoes an endoscopy of the stomach. Which of the following assessments made after the procedure would indicate the development of a potential complication?
- A. The client complains of a sore throat.
- B. The client displays signs of sedation.
- C. The client experiences a sudden increase in temperature.
- D. The client demonstrates a lack of appetite.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature post-endoscopy may indicate a complication such as perforation or infection, requiring immediate assessment. Sore throat, sedation, and lack of appetite are expected or unrelated findings.